Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that frequently affects the small bowel. Individuals diagnosed with CD are at increased risk of developing bowel cancer compared to the general population. Small bowel cancer is a rare but significant CD complication. Adenocarcinoma represents the most prevalent of these neoplasms, followed by neuroendocrine tumors and sarcomas. The primary risk factors identified are being of the male sex, disease duration, previous surgical intervention, perianal disease, and chronic inflammation. The precise etiology remains unclear. Another crucial issue concerns the role of immunomodulators and advanced therapies. By inhibiting inflammation, these therapies can reduce the risk of cancer, which is often initiated by the inflammation–dysplasia–adenocarcinoma sequence. In accordance with the most recent guidelines, it is not necessary to conduct surveillance in patients with small bowel cancer among CD patients, as it is considered a rare disease. Nevertheless, it is of significant importance for gastroenterologists to be aware of this potential CD complication, as well as the patients who are most at risk of developing it. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of CD-SBC, focusing on epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis, and the role of advanced therapies in CD-SBC.
克罗恩病（CD）是一种慢性炎症性肠病（IBD），常累及小肠。与普通人群相比，CD患者罹患肠癌的风险显著增高。小肠癌是CD一种罕见但重要的并发症，其中腺癌最为常见，其次为神经内分泌肿瘤和肉瘤。已确定的主要风险因素包括男性、病程长、既往手术史、肛周病变及慢性炎症，但其确切病因尚不明确。另一个关键问题涉及免疫调节剂和先进疗法的作用：通过抑制炎症，这些疗法可降低癌症风险，因为癌症的发生常遵循“炎症-异型增生-腺癌”的发展序列。根据最新指南，由于小肠癌在CD患者中属于罕见疾病，因此无需对CD患者进行小肠癌的常规监测。然而，胃肠病学家充分认识这一潜在的CD并发症及其高危人群至关重要。本综述旨在全面阐述CD相关小肠癌的流行病学、病因发病机制、风险因素、诊断以及先进疗法在CD相关小肠癌中的作用。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家