microRNA-204-5p (miR-204) is a small noncoding RNA with diverse regulatory roles in breast cancer (BC) development and progression. miR-204 is implicated in the instauration of fundamental traits acquired during the multistep development of BC, known as the hallmarks of cancer. It may act as a potent tumor suppressor by inhibiting key cellular processes like angiogenesis, vasculogenic mimicry, invasion, migration, and metastasis. It achieves this by targeting multiple master genes involved in these processes, including HIF-1α, β-catenin, VEGFA, TGFBR2, FAK, FOXA1, among others. Additionally, miR-204 modulates signaling pathways like PI3K/AKT and interacts with HOTAIR and DSCAM-AS1 lncRNAs, further influencing tumor progression. Beyond its direct effects on tumor cells, miR-204 shapes the tumor microenvironment by regulating immune cell infiltration, suppressing pro-tumorigenic cytokine production, and potentially influencing immunotherapy response. Moreover, miR-204 plays a crucial role in metabolic reprogramming by directly suppressing metabolic genes within tumor cells, indirectly affecting metabolism through exosome signaling, and remodeling metabolic flux within the tumor microenvironment. This review aims to present an update on the current knowledge regarding the role of miR-204 in the hallmarks of BC. In conclusion, miR-204 is a potential therapeutic target and prognostic marker in BC, emphasizing the need for further research to fully elucidate its complex roles in orchestrating aggressive BC behavior.
microRNA-204-5p（miR-204）是一种小型非编码RNA，在乳腺癌的发生发展中具有多种调控作用。miR-204参与调控乳腺癌多阶段发展过程中获得的基本特征，即癌症的标志性特征。它可能通过抑制血管生成、血管生成拟态、侵袭、迁移和转移等关键细胞过程，发挥有效的肿瘤抑制作用。其机制是通过靶向参与这些过程的多个关键基因实现，包括HIF-1α、β-catenin、VEGFA、TGFBR2、FAK、FOXA1等。此外，miR-204调控PI3K/AKT等信号通路，并与HOTAIR和DSCAM-AS1长链非编码RNA相互作用，进一步影响肿瘤进展。除了对肿瘤细胞的直接影响外，miR-204还通过调节免疫细胞浸润、抑制促肿瘤细胞因子产生，并可能影响免疫治疗反应，从而塑造肿瘤微环境。此外，miR-204在代谢重编程中发挥关键作用，包括直接抑制肿瘤细胞内的代谢基因、通过外泌体信号间接影响代谢，以及重塑肿瘤微环境内的代谢流。本综述旨在总结当前关于miR-204在乳腺癌标志性特征中作用的最新认识。总之，miR-204是乳腺癌潜在的治疗靶点和预后标志物，强调需要进一步研究以全面阐明其在调控侵袭性乳腺癌行为中的复杂作用。
Role of MicroRNA-204 in Regulating the Hallmarks of Breast Cancer: An Update
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家