This study aims to review existing literature on the effect of oral nutritional supplements (ONSs) during chemotherapy in older cancer patients. Electronic databases were searched for relevant studies up to March 2024. The risk of bias in the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane tool. Eligible studies included randomized, prospective, and retrospective studies evaluating the effect of ONSs in elderly (median age > 65 years) cancer patients during chemotherapy. Data regarding chemotherapy adherence, toxicity, overall survival, and nutritional status were extracted. A total of ten studies, involving 1123 patients, were included. A meta-analysis of the results was not conducted due to the scarcity and heterogeneity of results. Some ONSs were associated with reduced incidence of chemotherapy side-effects, particularly oral mucositis, and improved nutritional status. There was limited or no evidence regarding the impact of ONSs on chemotherapy adherence or overall survival. Various types of ONS were investigated, including multimodal intervention with tailored nutritional counseling, whey protein supplements, amino acids supplements (including immune nutrition supplements), and fish oil omega-3-enriched supplements. ONSs showed promise in reducing chemotherapy side-effects and improving nutritional status in older cancer patients, but further studies are needed to explore their efficacy on chemotherapy adherence and overall survival. Future research should consider both chronological age and frailty criteria, account for dietary habits, and use specific nutritional assessment like Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis.
本研究旨在综述关于老年癌症患者化疗期间口服营养补充剂（ONSs）效果的相关文献。通过检索截至2024年3月的电子数据库，收集相关研究资料，并采用Cochrane工具评估纳入研究的偏倚风险。符合条件的研究包括随机、前瞻性和回顾性研究，这些研究评估了老年（中位年龄>65岁）癌症患者在化疗期间使用ONSs的效果。研究提取了关于化疗依从性、毒性反应、总生存期和营养状况的数据。共纳入10项研究，涉及1123名患者。由于研究结果数量有限且存在异质性，未进行荟萃分析。部分ONSs与化疗副作用（尤其是口腔黏膜炎）发生率降低及营养状况改善相关。关于ONSs对化疗依从性或总生存期的影响，证据有限或缺乏。研究涉及多种类型的ONSs，包括结合个体化营养咨询的多模式干预、乳清蛋白补充剂、氨基酸补充剂（包括免疫营养补充剂）以及富含鱼油Omega-3的补充剂。ONSs在减少老年癌症患者化疗副作用和改善营养状况方面显示出潜力，但需进一步研究以探索其对化疗依从性和总生存期的影响。未来研究应考虑实际年龄和衰弱标准，考虑饮食习惯，并使用如生物电阻抗分析等特定营养评估方法。
Nutritional Intervention for the Elderly during Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家