Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor in children and adolescents. Prognosis is improving with advances in multidisciplinary treatment strategies, but the development of new anticancer agents has not, and improvement in prognosis for patients with pulmonary metastases has stalled. In recent years, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has gained attention as a therapeutic target for cancer. The immune component of OS TME consists mainly of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). They exhibit remarkable plasticity, and their phenotype is influenced by the TME. In general, surface markers such as CD68 and CD80 show anti-tumor effects, while CD163 and CD204 show tumor-promoting effects. Surface markers have potential value as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The cytokines and chemokines produced by TAMs promote tumor growth and metastasis. However, the role of TAMs in OS remains unclear to date. In this review, we describe the role of TAMs in OS by focusing on TAM surface markers and the TAM-produced cytokines and chemokines in the TME, and by comparing their behaviors in other carcinomas. We found contrary results from different studies. These findings highlight the urgency for further research in this field to improve the stalled OS prognosis percentages.
骨肉瘤是儿童和青少年中最常见的原发性骨肿瘤。随着多学科治疗策略的进步，其预后有所改善，但新型抗癌药物的研发进展缓慢，肺转移患者的预后改善已陷入停滞。近年来，肿瘤微环境作为癌症治疗靶点备受关注。骨肉瘤肿瘤微环境中的免疫成分主要由肿瘤相关巨噬细胞构成。这些细胞表现出显著的可塑性，其表型受肿瘤微环境影响。通常，CD68和CD80等表面标志物显示抗肿瘤效应，而CD163和CD204则呈现促肿瘤作用。这些表面标志物作为诊断和预后生物标志物具有潜在价值。肿瘤相关巨噬细胞产生的细胞因子和趋化因子能促进肿瘤生长与转移。然而，肿瘤相关巨噬细胞在骨肉瘤中的作用至今尚未明确。本综述通过聚焦肿瘤相关巨噬细胞表面标志物及其在肿瘤微环境中产生的细胞因子与趋化因子，并对比其在其他癌症中的行为特征，系统阐述肿瘤相关巨噬细胞在骨肉瘤中的作用机制。研究发现不同研究存在相互矛盾的结果，这些发现凸显了该领域亟待进一步深入研究，以突破当前骨肉瘤预后改善的停滞局面。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家