(1) Background: Adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is a rare subtype of colon cancer. Its rarity makes characterization challenging, although colonic ASC is believed to present at more advanced stages and have worse outcomes versus adenocarcinoma. This study aims to characterize the clinicopathological characteristics and clinical outcomes of colonic ASC. (2) Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective review of patients diagnosed with colonic ASC from 2000 to 2020. Data extracted included patient demographics, staging at diagnosis, tumor clinicopathologic and genetic characteristics, and clinical outcomes. (3) Results: Among 61,126 patients with colorectal cancer, 13 (0.02%) had colonic ASC, with a mean age at diagnosis of 48.7 years. The cecum/ascending colon was the most common primary site (6/13, 46.2%), and all except one patient was diagnosed with Stage III or IV disease. Among the eight patients with mismatch repair genetics available, only one was mismatch repair deficient. Eleven patients (84.6%) underwent surgery, and 11 likewise received some form of chemotherapy. Recurrence occurred in 7 of 13 patients (53.8%), and the overall five-year survival rate was 38.5%. The median survival rate was 39.4 months overall (30.5 months for Stage III, 23.7 months for Stage IV). (4) Conclusions: Overall, colonic ASC is rare, and this cohort of colonic ASC patients demonstrated advanced stage at diagnosis, frequent recurrence, and poor overall survival. Additional research remains to compare these characteristics with those of comparably staged adenocarcinoma and to develop specific management recommendations.
（1）背景：腺鳞癌是结肠癌的一种罕见亚型。尽管结肠腺鳞癌被认为比腺癌分期更晚、预后更差，但其罕见性使得其特征描述具有挑战性。本研究旨在明确结肠腺鳞癌的临床病理特征及临床结局。（2）方法：本研究为单中心回顾性分析，纳入2000年至2020年诊断为结肠腺鳞癌的患者。提取的数据包括患者人口统计学特征、诊断时分期、肿瘤临床病理及遗传学特征，以及临床结局。（3）结果：在61,126例结直肠癌患者中，13例（0.02%）为结肠腺鳞癌，诊断时平均年龄48.7岁。盲肠/升结肠是最常见的原发部位（6/13，46.2%），除1例外所有患者均诊断为III期或IV期疾病。在8例可获得错配修复遗传学检测结果的患者中，仅1例存在错配修复缺陷。11例患者（84.6%）接受了手术治疗，同样有11例接受了某种形式的化疗。13例患者中有7例（53.8%）出现复发，总五年生存率为38.5%。中位总生存期为39.4个月（III期为30.5个月，IV期为23.7个月）。（4）结论：总体而言，结肠腺鳞癌较为罕见，本队列研究显示结肠腺鳞癌患者诊断时多为晚期，复发频繁，总生存率较差。未来仍需进一步研究，比较其与同期腺癌的特征差异，并制定针对性的治疗建议。
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