Image-guided solid tumor ablation methods have significantly advanced in their capability to target primary and metastatic tumors. These techniques involve noninvasive or percutaneous insertion of applicators to induce thermal, electrochemical, or mechanical stress on malignant tissue to cause tissue destruction and apoptosis of the tumor margins. Ablation offers substantially lower risks compared to traditional methods. Benefits include shorter recovery periods, reduced bleeding, and greater preservation of organ parenchyma compared to surgical intervention. Due to the reduced morbidity and mortality, image-guided tumor ablation offers new opportunities for treatment in cancer patients who are not candidates for resection. Currently, image-guided ablation techniques are utilized for treating primary and metastatic tumors in various organs with both curative and palliative intent, including the liver, pancreas, kidneys, thyroid, parathyroid, prostate, lung, breast, bone, and soft tissue. The invention of new equipment and techniques is expanding the criteria of eligible patients for therapy, as now larger and more high-risk tumors near critical structures can be ablated. This article provides an overview of the different imaging modalities, noninvasive, and percutaneous ablation techniques available and discusses their applications and associated complications across various organs.
影像引导下的实体肿瘤消融技术在针对原发性和转移性肿瘤的治疗能力方面已取得显著进展。这些技术通过无创或经皮穿刺方式置入消融探头，对恶性组织施加热效应、电化学效应或机械应力，从而引发肿瘤边缘组织破坏及细胞凋亡。与传统治疗方法相比，消融治疗具有显著更低的风险优势，包括更短的恢复周期、更少的出血量，以及相较于外科手术能更大程度保留器官实质组织。由于发病率和死亡率的降低，影像引导肿瘤消融为不适合切除手术的癌症患者提供了新的治疗选择。目前该技术已广泛应用于肝脏、胰腺、肾脏、甲状腺、甲状旁腺、前列腺、肺、乳腺、骨骼及软组织等多个器官的原发性和转移性肿瘤治疗，兼具根治性与姑息性治疗目的。随着新型设备与技术的创新，治疗适应症范围正在不断扩大，目前邻近关键结构的大型高风险肿瘤也可进行消融治疗。本文系统综述了现有的不同影像引导模式、无创及经皮消融技术，并探讨了其在各器官中的应用及相关并发症。
Advances in Image-Guided Ablation Therapies for Solid Tumors
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家