Rectal cancer (RC) is a prevalent malignancy with significant morbidity and mortality rates. The accurate staging of RC is crucial for optimal treatment planning and patient outcomes. This review aims to summarize the current literature on imaging and metabolic diagnostic methods used in the stage assessment of RC. Various imaging modalities play a pivotal role in the initial evaluation and staging of RC. These include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and endorectal ultrasound (ERUS). MRI has emerged as the gold standard for local staging due to its superior soft tissue resolution and ability to assess tumor invasion depth, lymph node involvement, and the presence of extramural vascular invasion. CT imaging provides valuable information about distant metastases and helps determine the feasibility of surgical resection. ERUS aids in assessing tumor depth, perirectal lymph nodes, and sphincter involvement. Understanding the strengths and limitations of each diagnostic modality is essential for accurate staging and treatment decisions in RC. Furthermore, the integration of multiple imaging and metabolic methods, such as PET/CT or PET/MRI, can enhance diagnostic accuracy and provide valuable prognostic information. Thus, a literature review was conducted to investigate and assess the effectiveness and accuracy of diagnostic methods, both imaging and metabolic, in the stage assessment of RC.
直肠癌是一种发病率与死亡率均较高的常见恶性肿瘤。准确分期对制定最佳治疗方案和改善患者预后至关重要。本文旨在综述当前用于直肠癌分期评估的影像学与代谢诊断方法的相关文献。多种影像学检查在直肠癌的初步评估和分期中发挥着关键作用，包括磁共振成像、计算机断层扫描和经直肠超声。磁共振成像凭借其卓越的软组织分辨率及评估肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移和壁外血管侵犯的能力，已成为局部解剖分期的金标准。CT影像可为远处转移提供重要信息，并有助于判断手术切除的可行性。经直肠超声则有助于评估肿瘤深度、直肠周围淋巴结及括约肌受累情况。准确掌握各种诊断方式的优势与局限，对实现直肠癌精准分期和治疗决策至关重要。此外，PET/CT或PET/MRI等多模态影像与代谢诊断技术的整合应用，可进一步提升诊断准确性并提供有价值的预后信息。为此，本文通过文献综述，系统探讨并评估了影像学与代谢诊断方法在直肠癌分期评估中的效能与准确性。
Imaging and Metabolic Diagnostic Methods in the Stage Assessment of Rectal Cancer
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家