Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of male cancer deaths in the UK and the fifth worldwide. The presence of distant PCa metastasis can reduce the 5-year survival rate from 100% to approximately 30%. Enolase 2 (ENO2), a crucial glycolytic enzyme in cancer metabolism, is associated with the metastasis of multiple cancers and is also used as a marker for neuroendocrine tumours. However, its role in PCa metastasis remains unclear. In this study, we systematically reviewed the current literature to determine the association between ENO2 and metastatic PCa. Medline, Web of Science, and PubMed were searched for eligible studies. The search yielded five studies assessing ENO2 expression in PCa patients or cell lines. The three human studies suggested that ENO2 expression is correlated with late-stage, aggressive PCa, including castrate-resistant PCa (CRPC), metastatic CRPC, and neuroendocrine PCa (NEPC). This was further supported by two in vitro studies indicating that ENO2 expression can be regulated by the tumour microenvironment, such as androgen deprived conditions and the presence of bone-forming osteoblasts. Therefore, ENO2 may functionally contribute to PCa metastasis, possibly due to the unique metabolic features of PCa, which are glycolysis dependent only at the advanced metastatic stage.
前列腺癌（PCa）是英国男性癌症死亡的第二大原因，在全球范围内位列第五。远处前列腺癌转移的存在可将5年生存率从100%降至约30%。烯醇化酶2（ENO2）作为癌症代谢中的关键糖酵解酶，与多种癌症的转移相关，也被用作神经内分泌肿瘤的标志物。然而，其在PCa转移中的作用尚不明确。本研究通过系统回顾现有文献，旨在确定ENO2与转移性PCa之间的关联。我们在Medline、Web of Science和PubMed数据库中检索了符合条件的研究，共筛选出五项评估PCa患者或细胞系中ENO2表达的研究。其中三项人体研究表明，ENO2表达与晚期侵袭性PCa相关，包括去势抵抗性PCa（CRPC）、转移性CRPC和神经内分泌PCa（NEPC）。两项体外研究进一步支持了这一结论，表明ENO2表达可受肿瘤微环境调控，例如雄激素剥夺条件和成骨细胞的存在。因此，ENO2可能在功能上促进PCa转移，这可能归因于PCa独特的代谢特征，即仅在晚期转移阶段依赖糖酵解。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家