Early cancer detection and accurate monitoring are crucial to ensure increased patient survival. Recent research has focused on developing non-invasive biomarkers to diagnose cancer early and monitor disease progression at low cost and risk. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanosized particles secreted into extracellular spaces by most cell types, are gaining immense popularity as novel biomarker candidates for liquid cancer biopsy, as they can transport bioactive cargo to distant sites and facilitate intercellular communications. A literature search was conducted to discuss the current approaches for EV isolation and the advances in using EV-associated proteins, miRNA, mRNA, DNA, and lipids as liquid biopsies. We discussed the advantages and challenges of using these vesicles in clinical applications. Moreover, recent advancements in machine learning as a novel tool for tumor marker discovery are also highlighted.
早期癌症检测与准确监测对于提高患者生存率至关重要。近期研究致力于开发非侵入性生物标志物，以期以较低成本和风险实现癌症早期诊断及疾病进展监测。细胞外囊泡作为大多数细胞类型分泌至胞外空间的纳米级颗粒，因其能够向远端递送生物活性物质并促进细胞间通讯，正日益成为液体癌症活检领域备受关注的新型生物标志物候选者。本文通过文献综述，系统探讨了当前细胞外囊泡分离技术的研究进展，以及囊泡相关蛋白、微小RNA、信使RNA、DNA和脂质作为液体活检标志物的应用前沿。我们深入分析了这些囊泡在临床应用中的优势与挑战，并重点阐述了机器学习作为肿瘤标志物发现新工具的最新进展。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家