(1) Background: Among the chronic complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer has become the leading cause of death in several countries. Our objective was to determine whether prevalent type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with a higher incidence of cancer. (2) Methods: This study comprised a nationwide analysis conducted in Hungary. The study population was divided into two groups: a type 2 diabetes mellitus group vs. a non-diabetic group. The primary outcome was the risk related to overall cancer incidence; a key secondary outcome was the overall incidence of cancer in distinct study years; and a further outcome was the annual percent changes. (3) Results: The odds ratio related to the overall incidence of cancer was 2.50 (95% confidence interval: 2.46–2.55,p< 0.0001) in patients with diabetes as related to non-diabetic controls. The odds ratio was higher in males than in females [ORmales: 2.76 (2.70–2.82) vs. ORfemales: 2.27 (2.22–2.33),p< 0.05 for male-to-female comparison]. The annual cancer incidence rate declined in non-diabetic controls, but not in patients with diabetes [−1.79% (−2.07–−1.52%),p< 0.0001] vs. −0.50% (−1.12–+0.10%),p= 0.0991]. Several types of cancer showed a decreasing tendency in non-diabetic controls, but not in patients with type 2 diabetes. (4) Conclusions: Type 2 diabetes is associated with a higher risk of cancer. While the cancer incidence decreased for non-diabetic individuals with time, it remained unchanged in patients with T2DM.
（1）背景：在2型糖尿病的慢性并发症中，癌症已成为多个国家的主要死亡原因。本研究旨在明确已确诊的2型糖尿病是否与更高的癌症发病率相关。（2）方法：本研究为一项在匈牙利全国范围内开展的分析。研究人群分为两组：2型糖尿病组与非糖尿病组。主要结局指标为总体癌症发病风险；关键次要结局指标为不同研究年份的总体癌症发病率；另一项结局指标为年度百分比变化。（3）结果：与非糖尿病对照组相比，糖尿病患者总体癌症发病率的比值比为2.50（95%置信区间：2.46–2.55，p<0.0001）。男性比值比高于女性[男性OR：2.76（2.70–2.82）对比女性OR：2.27（2.22–2.33），性别比较p<0.05]。非糖尿病对照组的年度癌症发病率呈下降趋势，而糖尿病患者未见此趋势[−1.79%（−2.07–−1.52%），p<0.0001]对比−0.50%（−1.12–+0.10%），p=0.0991]。多种癌症类型在非糖尿病对照组中呈现下降趋势，但在2型糖尿病患者中未见此现象。（4）结论：2型糖尿病与更高的癌症风险相关。虽然非糖尿病人群的癌症发病率随时间推移有所下降，但2型糖尿病患者的癌症发病率保持稳定。
Incident Cancer Risk of Patients with Prevalent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Hungary (Part 2)
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家