Pancreatic cancer, with its alarming rising incidence, is predicted to become the second deadliest type of solid tumor by 2040, highlighting the urgent need for improved diagnostic and treatment strategies. Despite medical advancements, the five-year survival rate for pancreatic cancer remains about 14%, dropping further when metastasized. This review explores the promise of biomarkers for early detection, personalized treatment, and disease monitoring. Molecular classification of pancreatic cancer into subtypes based on genetic mutations, gene expression, and protein markers guides treatment decisions, potentially improving outcomes. A plethora of clinical trials investigating different strategies are currently ongoing. Targeted therapies, among which those against CLAUDIN 18.2 and inhibitors of Claudin 18.1, have shown promise. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has emerged as a powerful tool for the comprehensive genomic analysis of pancreatic tumors, revealing unique genetic alterations that drive cancer progression. This allows oncologists to tailor therapies to target specific molecular abnormalities. However, challenges remain, including limited awareness and uptake of biomarker-guided therapies. Continued research into the molecular mechanisms of pancreatic cancer is essential for developing more effective treatments and improving patient survival rates.
胰腺癌发病率呈惊人上升趋势，预计到2040年将成为致死率第二高的实体肿瘤，这凸显了改进诊断和治疗策略的迫切需求。尽管医学不断进步，胰腺癌的五年生存率仍维持在14%左右，若发生转移则进一步降低。本综述探讨了生物标志物在早期检测、个体化治疗和疾病监测方面的应用前景。基于基因突变、基因表达和蛋白质标志物对胰腺癌进行分子分型，可指导治疗决策并有望改善预后。目前众多临床试验正在探索不同治疗策略，其中针对CLAUDIN 18.2的靶向疗法及Claudin 18.1抑制剂已显示出潜力。新一代测序技术已成为胰腺肿瘤基因组全面分析的重要工具，能揭示驱动癌症进展的独特基因改变，使肿瘤学家能够针对特定分子异常制定精准治疗方案。然而，生物标志物指导疗法的认知度与应用率仍存在局限。持续深入研究胰腺癌的分子机制，对于开发更有效的治疗方法和提高患者生存率至关重要。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家