Extravasation, the unintended leakage of intravenously administered substances, poses significant challenges in cancer treatment, particularly during chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This comprehensive review explores the pathophysiology, incidence, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, prevention strategies, management approaches, complications, and long-term effects of extravasation in cancer patients. It also outlines future directions and research opportunities, including identifying gaps in the current knowledge and proposing areas for further investigation in extravasation prevention and management. Emerging technologies and therapies with the potential to improve extravasation prevention and management in both chemotherapy and radiotherapy are highlighted. Such innovations include advanced vein visualization technologies, smart catheters, targeted drug delivery systems, novel topical treatments, and artificial intelligence-based image analysis. By addressing these aspects, this review not only provides healthcare professionals with insights to enhance patient safety and optimize clinical practice but also underscores the importance of ongoing research and innovation in improving outcomes for cancer patients experiencing extravasation events.
外渗，即静脉输注药物意外渗漏，在癌症治疗尤其是化疗和放疗过程中构成重大挑战。本综述系统探讨了癌症患者外渗的病理生理机制、发生率、危险因素、临床表现、诊断方法、预防策略、处理方案、并发症及长期影响，同时展望了未来研究方向与机遇，包括指出现有知识体系的不足，并提出外渗预防与管理领域需进一步探索的方向。文中重点介绍了有望改善化疗与放疗中外渗预防与管理的新兴技术与疗法，如先进静脉可视化技术、智能导管、靶向给药系统、新型局部治疗方案以及基于人工智能的图像分析技术。通过全面剖析这些维度，本综述不仅为医疗专业人员提供了提升患者安全、优化临床实践的见解，更强调了持续开展研究与创新对于改善癌症患者外渗事件预后的重要意义。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家