Melanoma, originating through malignant transformation of melanin-producing melanocytes, is a formidable malignancy, characterized by local invasiveness, recurrence, early metastasis, resistance to therapy, and a high mortality rate. This review discusses etiologic and risk factors for melanoma, diagnostic and prognostic tools, including recent advances in molecular biology, omics, and bioinformatics, and provides an overview of its therapy. Since the incidence of melanoma is rising and mortality remains unacceptably high, we discuss its inherent properties, including melanogenesis, that make this disease resilient to treatment and propose to use AI to solve the above complex and multidimensional problems. We provide an overview on vitamin D and its anticancerogenic properties, and report recent advances in this field that can provide solutions for the prevention and/or therapy of melanoma. Experimental papers and clinicopathological studies on the role of vitamin D status and signaling pathways initiated by its active metabolites in melanoma prognosis and therapy are reviewed. We conclude that vitamin D signaling, defined by specific nuclear receptors and selective activation by specific vitamin D hydroxyderivatives, can provide a benefit for new or existing therapeutic approaches. We propose to target vitamin D signaling with the use of computational biology and AI tools to provide a solution to the melanoma problem.
黑色素瘤源于产生黑色素的黑色素细胞的恶性转化，是一种极具侵袭性的恶性肿瘤，其特点包括局部浸润、易复发、早期转移、治疗抵抗性以及高死亡率。本综述探讨了黑色素瘤的病因与风险因素、诊断与预后工具（涵盖分子生物学、组学及生物信息学的最新进展），并概述了其治疗方法。鉴于黑色素瘤发病率持续上升且死亡率居高不下，我们讨论了其内在特性（包括黑色素生成）如何导致该疾病对治疗产生抵抗，并提出利用人工智能技术解决上述复杂多维问题。我们综述了维生素D及其抗癌特性，并报告了该领域的最新进展，这些进展可能为黑色素瘤的预防和/或治疗提供解决方案。本文回顾了关于维生素D状态及其活性代谢物启动的信号通路在黑色素瘤预后和治疗中作用的实验论文与临床病理学研究。我们得出结论：由特定核受体介导、并由特定维生素D羟基衍生物选择性激活的维生素D信号通路，可为现有或新型治疗方法提供增益。我们建议借助计算生物学与人工智能工具靶向调控维生素D信号通路，从而为黑色素瘤的防治提供解决方案。
Malignant Melanoma: An Overview, New Perspectives, and Vitamin D Signaling
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家