In 2022, colorectal cancer (CRC) was the third most prevalent malignancy worldwide. The therapeutic approach for CRC typically involves a multimodal regimen. The human gut microbiota comprises over 35,000 bacterial species. The composition of the gut microbiota is influenced by dietary intake, which plays a crucial role in food absorption, nutrient extraction, and the development of low-grade inflammation. Dysbiosis in the gut microbiota is a key driver of inflammation and is strongly associated with CRC development. While the gut microbiome influences CRC initiation and progression, emerging evidence suggests a role for the gut microbiome in modulating the efficacy and toxicity of cancer treatments. Therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiome, such as probiotics, hold promise as effective interventions in the modern therapeutical approach to CRC. For example, Microbiota Implementation to Reduce Anastomotic Colorectal Leaks (MIRACLe) implementation has resulted in improvements in clinical outcomes, including reduced incidence of anastomotic leakage (AL), surgical site infections (SSIs), reoperation, as well as shorter recovery times and hospital stays compared with the control group. Therefore, this review aims to describe the current state of knowledge regarding the involvement of the gut microbiota in CRC pathogenesis and its potential therapeutic implications to treat CRC.
2022年，结直肠癌（CRC）是全球第三大常见恶性肿瘤。结直肠癌的治疗通常采用多模式综合方案。人体肠道微生物群包含超过35,000种细菌物种。肠道微生物群的组成受饮食摄入影响，在食物吸收、营养提取及低度炎症发生中发挥关键作用。肠道菌群失调是炎症的重要驱动因素，并与结直肠癌的发生发展密切相关。肠道微生物群不仅影响结直肠癌的起始与进展，新近证据表明其在调节癌症治疗效果和毒性方面亦具有重要作用。针对肠道微生物群的干预策略（如益生菌疗法）在现代结直肠癌治疗方案中展现出良好前景。例如，实施"微生物群干预降低结直肠吻合口漏（MIRACLe）"方案后，临床结局显著改善，包括吻合口漏（AL）、手术部位感染（SSI）和再手术发生率降低，恢复时间及住院时间较对照组缩短。因此，本综述旨在阐述肠道微生物群参与结直肠癌发病机制的现有认知，及其在结直肠癌治疗中的潜在临床应用价值。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家