In patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), liver resection is potentially curative. Nevertheless, post-operative recurrence is common, occurring in up to 70% of patients. Factors traditionally recognized to predict recurrence and survival after liver resection for HCC include pathologic factors (i.e., microvascular and capsular invasion) and an increase in alpha-fetoprotein level. During the past decade, many new markers have been reported to correlate with prognosis after resection of HCC: liquid biopsy markers, gene signatures, inflammation markers, and other biomarkers, including PIVKA-II, immune checkpoint molecules, and proteins in urinary exosomes. However, not all of these new markers are readily available in clinical practice, and their reproducibility is unclear. Liquid biopsy is a powerful and established tool for predicting long-term outcomes after resection of HCC; the main limitation of liquid biopsy is represented by the cost related to its technical implementation. Numerous patterns of genetic expression capable of predicting survival after curative-intent hepatectomy for HCC have been identified, but published findings regarding these markers are heterogenous. Inflammation markers in the form of prognostic nutritional index and different blood cell ratios seem more easily reproducible and more affordable on a large scale than other emerging markers. To select the most effective treatment for patients with HCC, it is crucial that the scientific community validate new predictive markers for recurrence and survival after resection that are reliable and widely reproducible. More reports from Western countries are necessary to corroborate the evidence.
肝细胞癌患者接受肝切除术具有潜在治愈可能，但术后复发率高达70%。传统上预测肝癌切除术后复发和生存的因素包括病理因素（如微血管侵犯和包膜侵犯）以及甲胎蛋白水平升高。过去十年间，多种新型标志物被证实与肝癌切除术后预后相关：液体活检标志物、基因特征谱、炎症标志物及其他生物标志物（包括PIVKA-II、免疫检查点分子和尿液外泌体蛋白等）。然而，这些新型标志物并非都能在临床实践中便捷应用，其可重复性亦不明确。液体活检作为预测肝癌切除术后长期结局的有效成熟工具，其主要局限在于技术实施成本较高。目前已发现多种能够预测肝癌根治性肝切除术后生存的基因表达模式，但相关研究结果存在异质性。以预后营养指数和不同血细胞比值形式呈现的炎症标志物，相较于其他新兴标志物似乎更易实现大规模可重复检测且成本更低。为选择最有效的肝癌治疗方案，科学界亟需验证可靠且具广泛可重复性的新型术后复发与生存预测标志物。需要更多来自西方国家的研究报告以佐证相关证据。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家