This review delves into the enzymatic processes governing the initial stages of glycerophospholipid (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine) and triacylglycerol synthesis. The key enzymes under scrutiny include GPAT and AGPAT. Additionally, as most AGPATs exhibit LPLAT activity, enzymes participating in the Lands cycle with similar functions are also covered. The review begins by discussing the properties of these enzymes, emphasizing their specificity in enzymatic reactions, notably the incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) into phospholipids. The paper sheds light on the intricate involvement of these enzymes in various diseases, including obesity, insulin resistance, and cancer. To underscore the relevance of these enzymes in cancer processes, a bioinformatics analysis was conducted. The expression levels of the described enzymes were correlated with the overall survival of patients across 33 different types of cancer using the GEPIA portal. This review further explores the potential therapeutic implications of inhibiting these enzymes in the treatment of metabolic diseases and cancer. By elucidating the intricate enzymatic pathways involved in lipid synthesis and their impact on various pathological conditions, this paper contributes to a comprehensive understanding of these processes and their potential as therapeutic targets.
本综述深入探讨了调控甘油磷脂（包括磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺和磷脂酰丝氨酸）与三酰甘油合成初始阶段的酶促过程。重点关注的关键酶包括甘油-3-磷酸酰基转移酶（GPAT）和1-酰基甘油-3-磷酸酰基转移酶（AGPAT）。鉴于多数AGPAT具有溶血磷脂酰基转移酶（LPLAT）活性，本文亦涵盖参与兰兹循环且功能类似的相关酶类。文章首先系统阐述这些酶的生化特性，着重分析其在酶促反应中对多不饱和脂肪酸（如花生四烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸）掺入磷脂过程的特异性调控机制。研究揭示了这些酶在肥胖、胰岛素抵抗及癌症等多种疾病中的复杂作用机制。为明确这些酶在癌症进程中的临床意义，本研究通过GEPIA数据库对33种癌症类型进行了生物信息学分析，将所述酶的表达水平与患者总体生存期进行关联性研究。此外，本文进一步探讨了抑制这些酶在代谢性疾病和癌症治疗中的潜在应用价值。通过系统阐明脂质合成过程中的复杂酶促通路及其在多种病理状态中的作用机制，本研究为深入理解这些生物学过程及其作为治疗靶点的潜力提供了重要见解。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家