Background: Although rare, sinonasal cancers (SNCs) have a high occupational attributable fraction. Methods: We applied gender-based approaches to descriptive analyses, incidence, and patterns of exposures using the Italian National Sinonasal Cancer Registry (ReNaTuNS: Registro Nazionale Tumori Naso-Sinusali). Results: The study included 2851 SNC patients. SNC was diagnosed more often in men (73%) than in women (27%). The most frequent morphology in men was intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (33%), whereas in women, it was squamous cell carcinoma (49%). Nasal cavities were predominant in both genders (50%), ethmoidal sinus in men (24%), and maxillary in women (24%). Incidence rates were 0.76 (per 100,000 person-years) in men and 0.24 in women and increased by age, more evidently in men, peaking over 75 years in both. Occupational exposures to wood and leather dusts were the most frequent (41% for men, 33% for women). Few exposures were extra-occupational or domestic. Unlikely exposure was relevant in women (57%). Conclusions: The surveillance of SNC cases through a registry that allows for the identification of and compensation for this occupational disease is important in Italy, where numerous workers are exposed to carcinogens for SNC, without even being aware. Considering the rarity of the disease, particularly among women, the ReNaTuNS can provide a method to analyze gender differences.
背景：尽管鼻窦癌（SNCs）较为罕见，但其职业归因比例较高。方法：我们基于意大利国家鼻窦癌登记处（ReNaTuNS）的数据，采用性别视角对描述性分析、发病率及暴露模式进行了研究。结果：本研究共纳入2851例鼻窦癌患者。男性患者（73%）多于女性（27%）。男性中最常见的组织学类型为肠型腺癌（33%），而女性中则以鳞状细胞癌（49%）为主。鼻腔是两性最常见的发病部位（50%），筛窦在男性中较多见（24%），而上颌窦在女性中更常见（24%）。男性发病率为每10万人年0.76例，女性为0.24例，且发病率随年龄增长而上升，男性尤为明显，两性均在75岁以上达到峰值。职业性暴露于木尘和皮革粉尘最为常见（男性41%，女性33%）。少数暴露发生在职业外或家庭环境中。女性中未发现明确暴露因素的比例较高（57%）。结论：在意大利，通过登记系统监测鼻窦癌病例对于识别和补偿这一职业性疾病具有重要意义，因为许多工人在未察觉的情况下暴露于鼻窦癌致癌物。考虑到该疾病的罕见性，尤其在女性中，ReNaTuNS登记系统为分析性别差异提供了有效方法。
Gender Differences in Sinonasal Cancer Incidence: Data from the Italian Registry
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家