Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), lacking specific receptors found in other breast cancer subtypes, poses significant treatment challenges due to limited therapeutic options. Therefore, it is necessary to develop novel treatment approaches for TNBC. In the last few decades, many attempts have been reported for alternative tools for TNBC treatment: immunotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, combination therapy, and nanotechnology-based therapy. Among them, combination therapy and nanotechnology-based therapy show the most promise for TNBC treatment. This review outlines recent advancements in these areas, highlighting the efficacy of combination therapy (immunotherapy paired with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or radiotherapy) in both preclinical and clinical stages and nanotechnology-based therapies utilizing various nanoparticles loaded with anticancer agents, nucleic acids, immunotherapeutics, or CRISPRs in preclinical stages for TNBC treatment.
三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）因缺乏其他乳腺癌亚型中常见的特定受体，导致治疗选择有限，从而构成显著的治疗挑战。因此，开发针对TNBC的新型治疗方法显得尤为必要。过去几十年中，已有许多关于TNBC替代治疗手段的尝试被报道，包括免疫疗法、放射疗法、靶向治疗、联合疗法以及基于纳米技术的治疗。其中，联合疗法和基于纳米技术的疗法在TNBC治疗中展现出最大的潜力。本综述概述了这些领域的最新进展，重点介绍了联合疗法（免疫疗法与化疗、靶向治疗或放射疗法相结合）在临床前和临床阶段的有效性，以及基于纳米技术的疗法在临床前阶段利用负载抗癌药物、核酸、免疫治疗剂或CRISPR系统的各种纳米颗粒治疗TNBC的成效。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家