Advances in research, including novel biomarker identification and patient stratification, have significantly improved the therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), though access to improved healthcare services varies across geographical regions. In an effort to evaluate the advances in therapeutic approaches, we performed a retrospective analysis of childhood ALL in Kosovo. Our retrospective analysis included 225 cases diagnosed between 2008 and 2023, representing 52% of 429 diagnosed childhood cancers. The average annual incidence was 14, with a median age diagnosis of seven years, and a male predominance (59.54%). Patients were categorized into risk groups, with the majority (43%) in the standard-risk category. We identified five different treatment protocols for this study period. Over 61% of patients achieved remission after the first chemotherapy cycle and we observed a 20% mortality rate. Survival analysis showed that 55% and 40% of patients achieved 2-year and 5-year event-free survival (EFS), respectively, with significant differences across risk groups. Treatment advancements significantly correlated with improved survival rates, achieving a 5-year overall survival (OS) of 88% in the currently used standardized AIEOP-BFM-2009 protocol. Our study emphasizes the need for continued research and customized care strategies to enhance clinical outcomes.
尽管不同地理区域获得改善的医疗服务存在差异，但包括新型生物标志物识别和患者分层在内的研究进展已显著提升了儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）的治疗水平。为评估治疗方法的进展，我们对科索沃地区儿童ALL进行了回顾性分析。本研究纳入2008年至2023年间确诊的225例病例，占同期429例儿童癌症确诊病例的52%。年均发病14例，中位诊断年龄7岁，男性占主导地位（59.54%）。患者按风险分层进行分组，其中标准风险组占比最高（43%）。研究期间共识别出五种不同治疗方案。超过61%的患者在首个化疗周期后达到缓解，总体死亡率为20%。生存分析显示患者2年无事件生存率（EFS）为55%，5年无事件生存率为40%，各风险组间存在显著差异。治疗进展与生存率提升显著相关，当前采用的标准化AIEOP-BFM-2009方案使5年总生存率（OS）达到88%。本研究强调需要持续开展研究和制定个体化诊疗策略以改善临床结局。
Prevalence and Treatment Outcomes of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Kosovo
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家