Skin cancers involve a significant concern in cancer therapy due to their association with various treatment modalities. This comprehensive review explores the increased risk of skin cancers linked to different anti-cancer treatments, including classic immunosuppressants such as methotrexate (MTX), chemotherapeutic agents such as fludarabine and hydroxyurea (HU), targeted therapies like ibrutinib and Janus Kinase inhibitors (JAKi), mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway (MAPKP) inhibitors, sonic hedgehog pathway (SHHP) inhibitors, and radiotherapy. MTX, a widely used immunosuppressant in different fields, is associated with basal cell carcinoma (BCC), cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), and cutaneous melanoma (CM), particularly at higher dosages. Fludarabine, HU, and other chemotherapeutic agents increase the risk of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs), including cSCC and BCC. Targeted therapies like ibrutinib and JAKi have been linked to an elevated incidence of NMSCs and CM. MAPKP inhibitors, particularly BRAF inhibitors like vemurafenib, are associated with the development of cSCCs and second primary melanomas (SPMs). SHHP inhibitors like vismodegib have been linked to the emergence of cSCCs following treatment for BCC. Additionally, radiotherapy carries carcinogenic risks, especially for BCCs, with increased risks, especially with younger age at the moment of exposure. Understanding these risks and implementing appropriate screening is crucial for effectively managing patients undergoing anti-cancer therapies.
皮肤癌因其与多种治疗方式的关联，在癌症治疗中备受关注。本综述系统探讨了不同抗癌治疗方式相关的皮肤癌风险增加，包括经典免疫抑制剂如甲氨蝶呤（MTX）、化疗药物如氟达拉滨和羟基脲（HU）、靶向治疗药物如依鲁替尼和Janus激酶抑制剂（JAKi）、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶通路（MAPKP）抑制剂、刺猬信号通路（SHHP）抑制剂以及放射治疗。MTX作为广泛应用于不同领域的免疫抑制剂，与基底细胞癌（BCC）、皮肤鳞状细胞癌（cSCC）和皮肤黑色素瘤（CM）的发生相关，尤其在较高剂量时更为显著。氟达拉滨、HU及其他化疗药物会增加非黑色素瘤皮肤癌（NMSCs）的风险，包括cSCC和BCC。依鲁替尼和JAKi等靶向治疗药物与NMSCs和CM的发病率升高有关。MAPKP抑制剂，特别是维莫非尼等BRAF抑制剂，与cSCC和第二原发黑色素瘤（SPMs）的发生相关。维莫德吉等SHHP抑制剂在治疗BCC后与cSCC的出现有关。此外，放射治疗具有致癌风险，尤其是对BCC，且暴露时年龄越小风险越高。了解这些风险并实施适当的筛查，对于有效管理接受抗癌治疗的患者至关重要。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家