Melanoma is commonly diagnosed in a younger population than most other solid malignancies and, in Australia and most of the world, is the leading cause of skin-cancer-related death. Melanoma is a cancer type with high immunogenicity; thus, immunotherapies are used as first-line treatment for advanced melanoma patients. Although immunotherapies are working well, not all the patients are benefitting from them. A lack of a comprehensive understanding of immune regulation in the melanoma tumour microenvironment is a major challenge of patient stratification. Overexpression of CD155 has been reported as a key factor in melanoma immune regulation for the development of therapy resistance. A more thorough understanding of the actions of current immunotherapy strategies, their effects on immune cell subsets, and the roles that CD155 plays are essential for a rational design of novel targets of anti-cancer immunotherapies. In this review, we comprehensively discuss current anti-melanoma immunotherapy strategies and the immune response contribution of different cell lineages, including tumour endothelial cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, cytotoxic T cells, cancer-associated fibroblast, and nature killer cells. Finally, we explore the impact of CD155 and its receptors DNAM-1, TIGIT, and CD96 on immune cells, especially in the context of the melanoma tumour microenvironment and anti-cancer immunotherapies.
与大多数其他实体恶性肿瘤相比，黑色素瘤通常在较年轻的人群中被诊断出来，并且在澳大利亚及世界大部分地区，它是皮肤癌相关死亡的主要原因。黑色素瘤是一种具有高免疫原性的癌症类型，因此免疫疗法被用作晚期黑色素瘤患者的一线治疗。尽管免疫疗法效果良好，但并非所有患者都能从中获益。对黑色素瘤肿瘤微环境中免疫调控缺乏全面理解是患者分层面临的主要挑战。据报道，CD155的过度表达是黑色素瘤免疫调控中导致治疗抵抗的关键因素。更深入地理解当前免疫治疗策略的作用机制、其对免疫细胞亚群的影响以及CD155所扮演的角色，对于合理设计新型抗癌免疫治疗靶点至关重要。本综述全面探讨了当前抗黑色素瘤免疫治疗策略，以及不同细胞谱系（包括肿瘤内皮细胞、髓源性抑制细胞、细胞毒性T细胞、癌症相关成纤维细胞和自然杀伤细胞）对免疫反应的贡献。最后，我们探讨了CD155及其受体DNAM-1、TIGIT和CD96对免疫细胞的影响，特别是在黑色素瘤肿瘤微环境和抗癌免疫治疗的背景下。
Immune Regulation and Immune Therapy in Melanoma: Review with Emphasis on CD155 Signalling
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家