Advancements in cell culturing techniques have allowed the development of three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models sourced directly from patients’ tissues and tumors, faithfully replicating the native tissue environment. These models provide a more clinically relevant platform for studying disease progression and treatment responses compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) models. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) and patient-derived xenograft organoids (PDXOs) emerge as innovative 3D cancer models capable of accurately mimicking the tumor’s unique features, enhancing our understanding of tumor complexities, and predicting clinical outcomes. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) poses significant clinical challenges due to its aggressive nature, propensity for early metastasis, and limited treatment options. TNBC PDOs and PDXOs have significantly contributed to the comprehension of TNBC, providing novel insights into its underlying mechanism and identifying potential therapeutic targets. This review explores the transformative role of various 3D cancer models in elucidating TNBC pathogenesis and guiding novel therapeutic strategies. It also provides an overview of diverse 3D cell culture models, derived from cell lines and tumors, highlighting their advantages and culturing challenges. Finally, it delves into live-cell imaging techniques, endpoint assays, and alternative cell culture media and methodologies, such as scaffold-free and scaffold-based systems, essential for advancing 3D cancer model research and development.
细胞培养技术的进步使得能够直接从患者组织和肿瘤中开发三维（3D）细胞培养模型，这些模型能够忠实复制原生组织环境。相较于传统的二维（2D）模型，这些模型为研究疾病进展和治疗反应提供了更具临床相关性的平台。患者来源类器官（PDOs）和患者来源异种移植类器官（PDXOs）作为创新的3D癌症模型应运而生，能够精确模拟肿瘤的独特特征，增强我们对肿瘤复杂性的理解，并预测临床结果。三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）因其侵袭性强、早期转移倾向高以及治疗选择有限而构成重大临床挑战。TNBC PDOs和PDXOs极大地促进了对TNBC的理解，为其潜在机制提供了新的见解，并识别了潜在的治疗靶点。本综述探讨了各种3D癌症模型在阐明TNBC发病机制和指导新型治疗策略方面的变革性作用。同时，概述了源自细胞系和肿瘤的多种3D细胞培养模型，强调了它们的优势和培养挑战。最后，深入探讨了活细胞成像技术、终点检测方法以及替代性细胞培养基和方法，例如无支架和基于支架的系统，这些对于推进3D癌症模型的研究与开发至关重要。
The Transformative Role of 3D Culture Models in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Research
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家