The treatment and management of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has improved in recent decennia by targeted therapy for subgroups of patients, expanded indications for allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) and surveillance of residual or arising leukemia. However, hematological relapse among patients who have attained complete remission (CR) after the initial courses of chemotherapy remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Here, we review an immunotherapeutic option using histamine dihydrochloride and low-dose interleukin-2 (HDC/LD-IL-2) for remission maintenance in AML. The treatment is approved in Europe in the post-consolidation phase to avoid relapse among patients in CR who are not candidates for upfront allo-SCT. We present aspects of the purported anti-leukemic mechanism of this regimen, including translation of preclinical results into the clinical setting, along with relapse prevention in subgroups of patients. We consider that HDC/LD-IL-2 is a conceivable option for younger adults, in particular patients with AML of normal karyotype and those with favorable responses to the initial chemotherapy. HDC/LD-IL-2 may form an emerging landscape of remission maintenance in AML.
近年来，通过针对特定患者亚群的靶向治疗、扩大异基因造血干细胞移植适应症以及微小残留病监测，急性髓系白血病的治疗与管理水平得到显著提升。然而，在完成初始化疗疗程并获得完全缓解的患者中，血液学复发仍是导致发病和死亡的重要原因。本文综述了一种采用二盐酸组胺联合低剂量白细胞介素-2的免疫治疗方案在AML缓解维持治疗中的应用。该疗法已在欧洲获批用于巩固治疗后阶段，旨在预防不适合接受一线异基因造血干细胞移植的完全缓解患者出现复发。我们阐述了该方案抗白血病作用机制的相关研究进展，包括临床前成果向临床实践的转化，以及在特定患者亚群中的复发预防效果。我们认为，二盐酸组胺联合低剂量白细胞介素-2治疗方案对年轻成人患者具有应用前景，尤其适用于核型正常的AML患者及对初始化疗反应良好的群体。该方案可能为AML缓解维持治疗开辟新的前景。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家