Angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in tumor progression, particularly in melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the intricate interplay between angiogenesis and tumor microenvironment (TME) in melanoma progression. Pro-angiogenic factors, including VEGF, PlGF, FGF-2, IL-8, Ang, TGF-β, PDGF, integrins, MMPs, and PAF, modulate angiogenesis and contribute to melanoma metastasis. Additionally, cells within the TME, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, mast cells, and melanoma-associated macrophages, influence tumor angiogenesis and progression. Anti-angiogenic therapies, while showing promise, face challenges such as drug resistance and tumor-induced activation of alternative angiogenic pathways. Rational combinations of anti-angiogenic agents and immunotherapies are being explored to overcome resistance. Biomarker identification for treatment response remains crucial for personalized therapies. This review highlights the complexity of angiogenesis in melanoma and underscores the need for innovative therapeutic approaches tailored to the dynamic TME.
血管生成在肿瘤进展中起着关键作用，尤其是在恶性程度最高的皮肤癌——黑色素瘤中。本综述整合了当前关于黑色素瘤进展过程中血管生成与肿瘤微环境之间复杂相互作用的知识。促血管生成因子，包括VEGF、PlGF、FGF-2、IL-8、Ang、TGF-β、PDGF、整合素、MMPs和PAF，调节血管生成并促进黑色素瘤转移。此外，肿瘤微环境中的细胞，如癌症相关成纤维细胞、肥大细胞和黑色素瘤相关巨噬细胞，也影响肿瘤血管生成和进展。抗血管生成疗法虽显示出前景，但仍面临耐药性和肿瘤诱导的替代性血管生成通路激活等挑战。目前正在探索抗血管生成药物与免疫疗法的合理组合以克服耐药性。治疗反应生物标志物的识别对于个体化治疗仍然至关重要。本综述强调了黑色素瘤中血管生成的复杂性，并强调需要针对动态变化的肿瘤微环境开发创新治疗方法。
Angiogenesis Still Plays a Crucial Role in Human Melanoma Progression
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家