Biliary tract cancers (BTCs), including intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal cholangiocarcinomas, as well as gallbladder cancer, are a diverse group of cancers that exhibit unique molecular characteristics in each of their anatomic and pathological subtypes. The pathological classification of BTCs compromises distinct growth patterns, including mass forming, periductal infiltrating, and intraductal growing types, which can be identified through gross examination. The small-duct and large-duct types of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma have been recently introduced into the WHO classification. The presentation of typical clinical symptoms, as well as the extensive utilization of radiological, endoscopic, and molecular diagnostic methods, is thoroughly detailed in the description. To overcome the limitations of traditional tissue acquisition methods, new diagnostic modalities are being explored. The treatment landscape is also rapidly evolving owing to the emergence of distinct subgroups with unique molecular alterations and corresponding targeted therapies. Furthermore, we emphasize the crucial aspects of diagnosing BTC in practical clinical settings.
胆道癌（BTCs）包括肝内胆管癌、肝门部胆管癌、远端胆管癌以及胆囊癌，是一组异质性肿瘤，其不同解剖和病理亚型均表现出独特的分子特征。胆道癌的病理分类涵盖不同的生长模式，包括肿块形成型、导管周围浸润型和导管内生长型，这些类型可通过大体检查进行识别。肝内胆管癌的小胆管型与大胆管型分类已被最新纳入世界卫生组织分类体系。本文详细阐述了典型临床症状的表现，以及影像学、内镜学和分子诊断方法的广泛应用。为克服传统组织获取方法的局限性，新的诊断模式正在探索中。由于具有独特分子改变的不同亚群及相应靶向治疗的出现，治疗格局也在快速演变。此外，我们重点强调了在实际临床环境中诊断胆道癌的关键要点。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家