Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the deadliest cancers, presents significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment due to its aggressive, metastatic nature and lack of early detection methods. A key obstacle in PDAC treatment is the highly complex tumor environment characterized by dense stroma surrounding the tumor, which hinders effective drug delivery. Nanotechnology can offer innovative solutions to these challenges, particularly in creating novel drug delivery systems for existing anticancer drugs for PDAC, such as gemcitabine and paclitaxel. By using customization methods such as incorporating conjugated targeting ligands, tumor-penetrating peptides, and therapeutic nucleic acids, these nanoparticle-based systems enhance drug solubility, extend circulation time, improve tumor targeting, and control drug release, thereby minimizing side effects and toxicity in healthy tissues. Moreover, nanoparticles have also shown potential in precise diagnostic methods for PDAC. This literature review will delve into targeted mechanisms, pathways, and approaches in treating pancreatic cancer. Additional emphasis is placed on the study of nanoparticle-based delivery systems, with a brief mention of those in clinical trials. Overall, the overview illustrates the significant advances in nanomedicine, underscoring its role in transcending the constraints of conventional PDAC therapies and diagnostics.
胰腺导管腺癌（PDAC）作为致死率最高的癌症之一，因其侵袭性强、易转移且缺乏早期检测手段，在诊断和治疗方面面临巨大挑战。PDAC治疗的关键障碍在于其高度复杂的肿瘤微环境，其特征是肿瘤周围致密的基质，这阻碍了药物的有效递送。纳米技术为这些挑战提供了创新解决方案，特别是在为现有PDAC抗癌药物（如吉西他滨和紫杉醇）构建新型药物递送系统方面。通过采用共轭靶向配体、肿瘤穿透肽和治疗性核酸等定制化方法，这些基于纳米颗粒的系统能够增强药物溶解度、延长循环时间、提高肿瘤靶向性并控制药物释放，从而最大限度地减少对健康组织的副作用和毒性。此外，纳米颗粒在PDAC精准诊断方法中也显示出潜力。本文献综述将深入探讨治疗胰腺癌的靶向机制、通路及方法，并重点研究基于纳米颗粒的递送系统，同时简要提及处于临床试验阶段的系统。总体而言，本综述阐明了纳米医学领域的重大进展，强调了其在突破传统PDAC治疗和诊断局限方面的重要作用。
Targeted Nanoparticle-Based Diagnostic and Treatment Options for Pancreatic Cancer
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家