Breast cancer affected more than 2.3 million women in 2022 and is the most diagnosed cancer among women worldwide. The incidence rates are greater in developed regions and are significantly higher among women with higher education and socioeconomic status. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the way women live their lives may impact their risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer. This systematic review aimed to identify what is known about the causes and risk factors of breast cancer, excluding genetic causes. A comprehensive systematic search identified 2387 systematic reviews, 122 were included and six overall themes identified. In our “top list” with the 36 most important findings, a study of breast density had the highest effect size for increasing the risk of breast cancer, and a high sex-hormone-binding globulin level was the most protective factor. Many of the included studies investigating the same topics had conflicting results. The conclusion from this evidence synthesis reveals a lack of consensus of factors associated with the causes and risk of breast cancer. These findings suggest that recommendations about lifestyle and breast cancer should be made with caution.
2022年，乳腺癌影响了超过230万名女性，是全球女性中诊断率最高的癌症。发达地区的发病率更高，且受教育程度和社会经济地位较高的女性发病率显著更高。因此，有理由认为女性的生活方式可能影响其被诊断为乳腺癌的风险。本系统性综述旨在明确除遗传因素外，已知的乳腺癌病因和风险因素。通过全面的系统性检索，共识别出2387篇系统性综述，其中122篇被纳入分析，并归纳出六大主题。在包含36项最重要发现的"重点列表"中，乳腺密度研究对增加乳腺癌风险的影响效应最大，而高性激素结合球蛋白水平则是最具保护性的因素。许多针对同一主题的研究结果存在矛盾。本次证据综合的结论显示，关于乳腺癌病因和风险因素的研究尚未达成共识。这些发现表明，在提出关于生活方式与乳腺癌的建议时应保持谨慎。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家