Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer, accounting for ~90% of liver neoplasms. It is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths and the seventh most common cancer worldwide. Although there have been rapid developments in the treatment of HCC over the past decade, the incidence and mortality rates of HCC remain a challenge. With the widespread use of the hepatitis B vaccine and antiviral therapy, the etiology of HCC is shifting more toward metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Early-stage HCC can be treated with potentially curative strategies such as surgical resection, liver transplantation, and radiofrequency ablation, improving long-term survival. However, most HCC patients, when diagnosed, are already in the intermediate or advanced stages. Molecular targeted therapy, followed by immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy, has been a revolution in HCC systemic treatment. Systemic treatment of HCC especially for patients with compromised liver function is still a challenge due to a significant resistance to immune checkpoint blockade, tumor heterogeneity, lack of oncogenic addiction, and lack of effective predictive and therapeutic biomarkers.
肝细胞癌（HCC）是最常见的肝癌类型，约占肝脏肿瘤的90%。它是全球癌症相关死亡的第二大原因，也是第七大常见癌症。尽管过去十年中HCC的治疗取得了快速发展，但其发病率和死亡率仍然是一个挑战。随着乙型肝炎疫苗和抗病毒治疗的广泛应用，HCC的病因正更多地转向代谢相关脂肪性肝炎（MASH）。早期HCC可通过手术切除、肝移植和射频消融等潜在根治性策略进行治疗，从而提高长期生存率。然而，大多数HCC患者在确诊时已处于中晚期。分子靶向治疗及随后的免疫检查点抑制剂免疫疗法，已在HCC全身治疗领域引发了一场革命。由于对免疫检查点阻断存在显著耐药性、肿瘤异质性、缺乏致癌基因成瘾性以及缺乏有效的预测和治疗生物标志物，HCC的全身治疗，尤其是对于肝功能受损的患者，仍然是一个挑战。
Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Drug Therapeutic Status, Advances and Challenges
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家