Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Although the overall incidence of CRC is decreasing, the incidence of young-onset CRC, characterized by a diagnosis of CRC before age 50, is increasing. Outcomes for CRC patients are improving, partly due to comprehensive molecular characterization of tumors and novel therapeutic strategies. Advances in genomic and transcriptomic analyses using blood- and tumor-tissue-based sequencing have facilitated identification of distinct tumor subtypes harboring unique biological characteristics and therapeutic vulnerabilities. These insights have led to the development and incorporation of targeted therapies and immunotherapy in CRC treatment. In this review, we discuss the molecular landscape and key oncogenes/tumor suppressors contributing to CRC tumorigenesis, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. We also discuss personalized therapeutic strategies for subsets of CRC patients and provide an overview of evolving novel treatments being evaluated in clinical trials.
结直肠癌（CRC）是全球癌症死亡的第二大原因。尽管结直肠癌总体发病率呈下降趋势，但以50岁前确诊为特征的早发性结直肠癌发病率正在上升。结直肠癌患者的预后正在改善，部分归因于肿瘤的全面分子特征解析及新型治疗策略的发展。基于血液和肿瘤组织的基因组与转录组测序分析技术的进步，促进了具有独特生物学特征和治疗脆弱性的不同肿瘤亚型的识别。这些发现推动了靶向治疗和免疫疗法在结直肠癌治疗中的开发与应用。本综述探讨了结直肠癌发生、转移及治疗耐药性相关的分子图谱与关键癌基因/抑癌基因，并针对特定结直肠癌患者亚群讨论个体化治疗策略，同时概述了临床试验中正在评估的新型治疗方案的发展动态。
Molecular Landscape and Therapeutic Strategies against Colorectal Cancer
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家