This literature review provides a comprehensive overview of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and explores innovative targeted therapies focused on specific hallmarks of cancer cells, aiming to revolutionize breast cancer treatment. TNBC, characterized by its lack of expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), presents distinct features, categorizing these invasive breast tumors into various phenotypes delineated by key elements in molecular assays. This article delves into the latest advancements in therapeutic strategies targeting components of the tumor microenvironment and pivotal hallmarks of cancer: deregulating cellular metabolism and the Warburg effect, acidosis and hypoxia, the ability to metastasize and evade the immune system, aiming to enhance treatment efficacy while mitigating systemic toxicity. Insights from in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical trials underscore the promising effectiveness and elucidate the mechanisms of action of these novel therapeutic interventions for TNBC, particularly in cases refractory to conventional treatments. The integration of targeted therapies tailored to the molecular characteristics of TNBC holds significant potential for optimizing clinical outcomes and addressing the pressing need for more effective treatment options for this aggressive subtype of breast cancer.
本综述全面概述了三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC），并探讨了针对癌细胞特定标志物的创新靶向疗法，旨在革新乳腺癌治疗。TNBC以不表达雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）和人表皮生长因子受体2（HER2）为特征，具有独特的生物学特性，通过分子检测中的关键要素可将这类侵袭性乳腺肿瘤划分为不同表型。本文深入探讨了针对肿瘤微环境成分及关键癌症标志物的治疗策略最新进展，包括：细胞代谢失调与瓦博格效应、酸中毒与缺氧、转移能力及免疫逃逸机制，旨在提高疗效同时降低全身毒性。体外与体内研究及临床试验结果表明，这些新型治疗干预措施对TNBC（特别是常规治疗无效的病例）展现出显著疗效，并阐明了其作用机制。针对TNBC分子特征定制的靶向治疗整合方案，对于优化临床疗效及满足这一侵袭性乳腺癌亚型对更有效治疗方案的迫切需求具有重要潜力。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家