The relationship of PAX1/JAM3 methylation as well as HPV viral load (VL) with cervical lesions has been reported, but their role in persistent HPV infection without cervical high-grade lesions has not been fully elucidated. A total of 231 females diagnosed with persistent HPV infection and pathologically confirmed absence of high-grade cervical lesions were selected from the Colposcopy Outpatient Clinic of Peking University People’s Hospital, from March 2023 to December 2023. They were categorized into two groups based on the duration of HPV infection: the HPV persistent less than 3 years group and the more than 3 years group. PAX1/JAM3 methylation and HPV VL were determined by real-time PCR and BioPerfectus Multiplex Real-Time (BMRT)-HPV reports type-specific VL/10,000 cells, respectively. The average age of individuals with HPV infection lasting more than 3 years was higher compared to those with less than 3 years (48.9 vs. 45.1 years), with a statistically significant difference. Among the participants, 81.8% (189/231) had no previous screening. The methylation levels of JAM3 and PAX1 were significantly higher in individuals with HPV infection persisting for more than 3 years compared to those with less than 3 years, with a statistically significant difference (p< 0.05). There was a significant correlation between PAX1 and JAM3 methylation (p< 0.001), which could be used as cumulative evidence of HPV infection duration before the occurrence of precancerous lesions. The incidence of vaginal intraepithelial lesions was higher in individuals with HPV infection persisting for more than 3 years compared to those with less than 3 years, and HPV VL can be used as an indicative biomarker for concurrent cervical–vaginal lesions, especially for HPV other than 16/18 genotypes.
PAX1/JAM3甲基化及HPV病毒载量与宫颈病变的关系已有报道，但其在持续HPV感染但无宫颈高级别病变中的作用尚未完全阐明。本研究于2023年3月至2023年12月期间，从北京大学人民医院阴道镜门诊选取了231例诊断为持续HPV感染且经病理学证实无宫颈高级别病变的女性。根据HPV感染持续时间，将她们分为两组：HPV持续感染少于3年组和超过3年组。PAX1/JAM3甲基化水平通过实时荧光定量PCR检测，HPV病毒载量则通过BioPerfectus多重实时荧光定量PCR检测，报告为型特异性病毒载量/10,000细胞。结果显示，HPV感染持续时间超过3年者的平均年龄高于少于3年者（48.9岁 vs. 45.1岁），差异具有统计学意义。参与者中，81.8%（189/231）既往未进行过筛查。与感染少于3年者相比，HPV感染持续超过3年者的JAM3和PAX1甲基化水平显著升高，差异具有统计学意义（p<0.05）。PAX1与JAM3甲基化之间存在显著相关性（p<0.001），可作为癌前病变发生前HPV感染持续时间的累积证据。HPV感染持续超过3年者的阴道上皮内病变发生率高于少于3年者，且HPV病毒载量可作为并发宫颈-阴道病变的指示性生物标志物，尤其对于16/18型以外的HPV基因型。
PAX1/JAM3 Methylation and HPV Viral Load in Women with Persistent HPV Infection
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