Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer. It is a major public health problem worldwide, and it is often diagnosed at advanced stages, when no effective treatment options are available. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized double-layer lipid vesicles containing various biomolecule cargoes, such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. EVs are released from nearly all types of cells and have been shown to play an important role in cell-to-cell communication. In recent years, many studies have investigated the role of EVs in cancer, including HCC. Emerging studies have shown that EVs play primary roles in the development and progression of cancer, modulating tumor growth and metastasis formation. Moreover, it has been observed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) carried by tumor cell-derived EVs promote tumorigenesis, regulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) and playing critical roles in the progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, immune escape, and drug resistance of HCC. EV-related ncRNAs can provide information regarding disease status, thus encompassing a role as biomarkers. In this review, we discuss the main roles of ncRNAs present in HCC-derived EVs, including micro(mi) RNAs, long non-coding (lnc) RNAs, and circular (circ) RNAs, and their potential clinical value as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
肝细胞癌（HCC）是最常见的原发性肝癌，是全球范围内的重大公共卫生问题，且常在晚期确诊，此时已缺乏有效的治疗选择。细胞外囊泡（EVs）是纳米级的双层脂质囊泡，内含脂质、蛋白质和核酸等多种生物分子。几乎所有类型的细胞均可释放EVs，研究证实其在细胞间通讯中发挥重要作用。近年来，多项研究探讨了EVs在包括HCC在内的癌症中的作用。新兴研究表明，EVs在癌症发生发展中起主导作用，调控肿瘤生长与转移形成。此外，研究发现肿瘤细胞来源的EVs携带的非编码RNA（ncRNAs）可促进肿瘤发生，调节肿瘤微环境（TME），并在HCC的进展、血管生成、转移、免疫逃逸和耐药性中发挥关键作用。EV相关ncRNAs能够反映疾病状态信息，因此具备作为生物标志物的潜力。本综述重点探讨HCC来源EVs中ncRNAs（包括微小RNA、长链非编码RNA和环状RNA）的主要作用，及其作为生物标志物和治疗靶点的潜在临床价值。
Extracellular Vesicle-Related Non-Coding RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Overview
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家