文章：

儿童癌症病因：近期文献综述：第一部分——儿童期因素

Causes of Childhood Cancer: A Review of the Recent Literature: Part I—Childhood Factors

原文发布日期：27 March 2024

DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071297

类型: Article

开放获取: 是

英文摘要：

Purpose: To review the childhood risk factors for pediatric cancer (diagnosis before age 20). Methods: We conducted literature searches using Ovid Medline and Scopus to find primary research studies, review articles, and meta-analyses published from 2014 to 3 March 2021. Results: Strong evidence indicates that an array of genetic and epigenetic phenomena, structural birth defects, and chromosomal anomalies are associated with an increased risk of various childhood cancers. Increased risk is also associated with prior cancer, likely due to previous treatment agents and therapeutic ionizing radiation. Convincing evidence supports associations between several pediatric cancers and ionizing radiation, immunosuppression, and carcinogenic virus infection both in healthy children and in association with immune suppression following organ transplantation. Breastfeeding and a childhood diet rich in fruits and vegetables appears to reduce the risk of pediatric leukemia but the evidence is less strong. Childhood vaccination against carcinogenic viruses is associated with a lower risk of several cancers; there is less strong evidence that other childhood vaccinations more broadly may also lower risk. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is associated with increased melanoma risk, although most melanomas following childhood UV exposure occur later, in adulthood. Evidence is weak or conflicting for the role of body mass index, other childhood infections, allergies, and certain treatments, including immunomodulator medications and human growth therapy.

摘要翻译： 

目的：回顾儿童癌症（诊断年龄在20岁以下）的童年期风险因素。方法：通过Ovid Medline和Scopus数据库进行文献检索，收集2014年至2021年3月3日期间发表的主要研究、综述文章及荟萃分析。结果：强有力的证据表明，一系列遗传与表观遗传现象、结构性出生缺陷及染色体异常与多种儿童癌症风险增加相关。既往癌症史同样会增加风险，这很可能源于先前使用的治疗药物及治疗性电离辐射。令人信服的证据支持，在健康儿童及器官移植后免疫抑制的儿童中，多种儿童癌症与电离辐射、免疫抑制及致癌病毒感染存在关联。母乳喂养及富含果蔬的童年饮食似乎能降低儿童白血病风险，但证据力度相对较弱。针对致癌病毒的儿童疫苗接种与多种癌症风险降低相关；其他儿童疫苗可能更广泛地降低癌症风险的证据则相对有限。紫外线辐射与黑色素瘤风险增加相关，尽管儿童期紫外线暴露后发生的黑色素瘤大多在成年期出现。关于体重指数、其他儿童期感染、过敏反应以及包括免疫调节药物和人类生长疗法在内的特定治疗措施的作用，现有证据薄弱或存在矛盾。

原文链接：

Causes of Childhood Cancer: A Review of the Recent Literature: Part I—Childhood Factors