Despite decades of research and the best up-to-date treatments, grade 4 Glioblastoma (GBM) remains uniformly fatal with a patient median overall survival of less than 2 years. Recent advances in immunotherapy have reignited interest in utilizing immunological approaches to fight cancer. However, current immunotherapies have so far not met the anticipated expectations, achieving modest results in their journey from bench to bedside for the treatment of GBM. Understanding the intrinsic features of GBM is of crucial importance for the development of effective antitumoral strategies to improve patient life expectancy and conditions. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the distinctive characteristics of GBM that significantly influence current conventional therapies and immune-based approaches. Moreover, we present an overview of the immunotherapeutic strategies currently undergoing clinical evaluation for GBM treatment, with a specific emphasis on those advancing to phase 3 clinical studies. These encompass immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive T cell therapies, vaccination strategies (i.e., RNA-, DNA-, and peptide-based vaccines), and virus-based approaches. Finally, we explore novel innovative strategies and future prospects in the field of immunotherapy for GBM.
尽管经过数十年的研究和最先进的治疗方案，4级胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）的预后依然极差，患者中位总生存期不足两年。近年来免疫疗法的进展重新激发了利用免疫学方法对抗癌症的研究兴趣。然而，当前针对GBM的免疫疗法从实验室到临床应用的转化过程中，尚未达到预期效果，仅取得有限进展。深入理解GBM的内在特征对于开发有效的抗肿瘤策略、改善患者生存期和生活质量至关重要。本综述系统阐述了GBM显著影响当前常规疗法及免疫疗法的独特生物学特征，并全面梳理了目前处于临床评估阶段的GBM免疫治疗策略，特别聚焦已进入III期临床试验的方案，包括免疫检查点抑制剂、过继性T细胞疗法、疫苗策略（如RNA疫苗、DNA疫苗及多肽疫苗）以及病毒疗法。最后，我们探讨了GBM免疫治疗领域的新型创新策略与未来发展方向。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家