The prevalence of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is increasing globally due to factors such as urbanization, obesity, poor nutrition, sedentary lifestyles, healthcare accessibility, diagnostic advancements, and genetic influences. Research on MAFLD and HCC risk factors, pathogenesis, and biomarkers has been conducted through a narrative review of relevant studies, with a focus on PubMed and Web of Science databases and exclusion criteria based on article availability and language. Steatosis marks the early stage of MASH advancement, commonly associated with factors of metabolic syndrome such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Various mechanisms, including heightened lipolysis, hepatic lipogenesis, and consumption of high-calorie diets, contribute to the accumulation of lipids in the liver. Insulin resistance is pivotal in the development of steatosis, as it leads to the release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue. Natural compounds hold promise in regulating lipid metabolism and inflammation to combat these conditions. Liver fibrosis serves as a significant predictor of MASH progression and HCC development, underscoring the need to target fibrosis in treatment approaches. Risk factors for MASH-associated HCC encompass advanced liver fibrosis, older age, male gender, metabolic syndrome, genetic predispositions, and dietary habits, emphasizing the requirement for efficient surveillance and diagnostic measures. Considering these factors, it is important for further studies to determine the biochemical impact of these risk factors in order to establish targeted therapies that can prevent the development of HCC or reduce progression of MASH, indirectly decreasing the risk of HCC.
代谢相关脂肪性肝病（MAFLD）的全球患病率因城市化、肥胖、营养不良、久坐生活方式、医疗可及性、诊断技术进步及遗传因素等而持续上升。本文通过叙述性综述方法，对MAFLD及其相关肝细胞癌（HCC）的危险因素、发病机制和生物标志物进行了研究，重点检索了PubMed和Web of Science数据库，并根据文献可获取性及语言设定了排除标准。脂肪变性是代谢相关脂肪性肝炎（MASH）进展的早期标志，常与肥胖和2型糖尿病等代谢综合征因素相关。多种机制共同导致肝脏脂质积聚，包括脂肪分解增强、肝脏脂质生成以及高热量饮食摄入。胰岛素抵抗在脂肪变性发展中起关键作用，因其促使脂肪组织释放游离脂肪酸。天然化合物在调节脂质代谢和炎症反应方面显示出应对这些病理状态的潜力。肝纤维化是预测MASH进展和HCC发生的重要指标，这凸显了针对纤维化进行治疗干预的必要性。MASH相关HCC的危险因素包括晚期肝纤维化、高龄、男性、代谢综合征、遗传易感性和饮食习惯，这些因素强调了建立有效监测与诊断体系的重要性。基于以上发现，未来研究需进一步明确这些危险因素的生化作用机制，以建立能够预防HCC发生或延缓MASH进展的靶向治疗策略，从而间接降低HCC发病风险。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家