Endometrial cancer is the sixth commonest cancer in women worldwide, with over 417,000 diagnoses in 2020. The disease incidence has increased by 132% over the last 30 years and is set to continue to rise in response to an ageing population and increasing global rates of obesity and diabetes. A greater understanding of the mechanisms driving endometrial carcinogenesis has led to the identification of potential strategies for primary disease prevention, although prospective evaluation of their efficacy within clinical trials is still awaited. The early diagnosis of endometrial cancer is associated with improved survival, but has historically relied on invasive endometrial sampling. New, minimally invasive tests using protein and DNA biomarkers and cytology have the potential to transform diagnostic pathways and to allow for the surveillance of high-risk populations. The molecular classification of endometrial cancers has been shown to not only have a prognostic impact, but also to have therapeutic value and is increasingly used to guide adjuvant treatment decisions. Advanced and recurrent disease management has also been revolutionised by increasing the use of debulking surgery and targeted treatments, particularly immunotherapy. This review summarises the recent advances in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of endometrial cancer and seeks to identify areas for future research.
子宫内膜癌是全球女性第六大常见恶性肿瘤，2020年新发病例超过41.7万例。过去三十年间该疾病发病率增长132%，随着人口老龄化及全球肥胖症与糖尿病患病率持续上升，预计发病率将继续攀升。尽管其临床疗效仍有待前瞻性试验验证，但对子宫内膜癌发生机制的深入理解已为原发性疾病预防提供了潜在策略。早期诊断虽能改善患者生存预后，但传统依赖侵入性子宫内膜取样。基于蛋白质与DNA生物标志物及细胞学检测的新型微创技术，有望革新诊断路径并实现高危人群监测。子宫内膜癌分子分型不仅被证实具有预后价值，更具备治疗指导意义，现正日益广泛应用于辅助治疗决策。通过扩大肿瘤减灭术应用范围及推广靶向治疗（尤其是免疫疗法），晚期与复发性疾病管理也迎来革命性进展。本综述系统阐述子宫内膜癌预防、诊断与治疗领域最新进展，并展望未来研究方向。
Recent Advances in Endometrial Cancer Prevention, Early Diagnosis and Treatment
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家