This comprehensive review critically examines the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and radiomics in the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of bladder, kidney, and prostate cancers. These cutting-edge technologies are revolutionizing the landscape of cancer care, enhancing both precision and personalization in medical treatments. Our review provides an in-depth analysis of the latest advancements in AI and radiomics, with a specific focus on their roles in urological oncology. We discuss how AI and radiomics have notably improved the accuracy of diagnosis and staging in bladder cancer, especially through advanced imaging techniques like multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and CT scans. These tools are pivotal in assessing muscle invasiveness and pathological grades, critical elements in formulating treatment plans. In the realm of kidney cancer, AI and radiomics aid in distinguishing between renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtypes and grades. The integration of radiogenomics offers a comprehensive view of disease biology, leading to tailored therapeutic approaches. Prostate cancer diagnosis and management have also seen substantial benefits from these technologies. AI-enhanced MRI has significantly improved tumor detection and localization, thereby aiding in more effective treatment planning. The review also addresses the challenges in integrating AI and radiomics into clinical practice, such as the need for standardization, ensuring data quality, and overcoming the “black box” nature of AI. We emphasize the importance of multicentric collaborations and extensive studies to enhance the applicability and generalizability of these technologies in diverse clinical settings. In conclusion, AI and radiomics represent a major paradigm shift in oncology, offering more precise, personalized, and patient-centric approaches to cancer care. While their potential to improve diagnostic accuracy, patient outcomes, and our understanding of cancer biology is profound, challenges in clinical integration and application persist. We advocate for continued research and development in AI and radiomics, underscoring the need to address existing limitations to fully leverage their capabilities in the field of oncology.
本综述系统评述了人工智能与影像组学在膀胱癌、肾癌及前列腺癌的诊断、预后评估与临床管理领域所产生的变革性影响。这些前沿技术正深刻改变肿瘤诊疗格局，显著提升医疗干预的精准度与个体化水平。本文深入剖析了人工智能与影像组学的最新进展，特别聚焦其在泌尿系统肿瘤学中的关键作用。 在膀胱癌诊疗中，人工智能与影像组学通过多参数磁共振成像（mpMRI）及CT扫描等先进影像技术，显著提升了肿瘤诊断与分期准确性。这些技术对评估肌层浸润程度与病理分级具有关键价值，为制定治疗方案提供重要依据。对于肾癌诊疗，人工智能与影像组学有助于区分肾细胞癌亚型与分级，结合影像基因组学可全面解析疾病生物学特征，推动个体化治疗策略的发展。在前列腺癌领域，人工智能增强的磁共振成像技术极大提升了肿瘤检出与定位精度，为优化治疗方案提供有力支持。 本文同时探讨了人工智能与影像组学融入临床实践面临的挑战，包括技术标准化需求、数据质量保障以及人工智能"黑箱"特性的突破等。我们强调开展多中心协作与大规模研究对提升这些技术在不同临床场景中适用性与普适性的重要意义。 综上所述，人工智能与影像组学代表了肿瘤学领域的重大范式转变，推动肿瘤诊疗向更精准、个体化及以患者为中心的方向发展。尽管这些技术在提升诊断准确性、改善患者预后及深化对肿瘤生物学理解方面潜力巨大，但其临床整合与应用仍面临诸多挑战。我们主张持续推进人工智能与影像组学的研究与开发，强调必须解决现有局限性，以充分发挥其在肿瘤学领域的应用价值。
Emerging Trends in AI and Radiomics for Bladder, Kidney, and Prostate Cancer: A Critical Review
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家