Discovered in the late eighties, sEVs are small extracellular nanovesicles (30–150 nm diameter) that gained increasing attention due to their profound roles in cancer, immunology, and therapeutic approaches. They were initially described as cellular waste bins; however, in recent years, sEVs have become known as important mediators of intercellular communication. They are secreted from cells in substantial amounts and exert their influence on recipient cells by signaling through cell surface receptors or transferring cargos, such as proteins, RNAs, miRNAs, or lipids. A key role of sEVs in cancer is immune modulation, as well as pro-invasive signaling and formation of pre-metastatic niches. sEVs are ideal biomarker platforms, and can be engineered as drug carriers or anti-cancer vaccines. Thus, sEVs further provide novel avenues for cancer diagnosis and treatment. This review will focus on the role of sEVs in GI-oncology and delineate their functions in cancer progression, diagnosis, and therapeutic use.
sEVs（小细胞外囊泡）是于上世纪八十年代末被发现的一类直径约30-150纳米的细胞外纳米囊泡，因其在癌症、免疫学及治疗策略中的重要作用而日益受到关注。最初sEVs被描述为细胞废物处理单元，但近年研究发现其已成为细胞间通讯的关键介质。sEVs由细胞大量分泌，通过细胞表面受体信号传导或转运蛋白质、RNA、miRNA及脂质等生物活性物质，对受体细胞产生调控作用。在癌症领域中，sEVs的核心功能包括免疫调节、促侵袭信号传导以及转移前微环境的形成。sEVs不仅是理想的生物标志物载体平台，还可被设计为药物递送系统或抗癌疫苗。因此，sEVs为癌症诊断与治疗开辟了新途径。本综述将聚焦sEVs在胃肠道肿瘤学中的作用，系统阐述其在癌症进展、诊断及治疗应用中的功能机制。
Emerging Roles of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Gastrointestinal Cancer Research and Therapy
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家