Chemokines are small molecules that function as chemotactic factors which regulate the migration, infiltration, and accumulation of immune cells. Here, we comprehensively assess the structural and functional role of chemokines, examine the effects of chemokines that are present in the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumor microenvironment (TME), specifically those produced by cancer cells and stromal components, and evaluate their impact on immune cell trafficking, both in promoting and suppressing anti-tumor responses. We further explore the impact of chemokines on patient outcomes in PDAC and their role in the context of immunotherapy treatments, and review clinical trials that have targeted chemokine receptors and ligands in the treatment of PDAC. Lastly, we highlight potential strategies that can be utilized to harness chemokines in order to increase cytotoxic immune cell infiltration and the anti-tumor effects of immunotherapy.
趋化因子是一类作为趋化性因子发挥作用的小分子物质，能够调控免疫细胞的迁移、浸润与聚集。本文系统评估了趋化因子的结构与功能作用，重点研究了胰腺导管腺癌肿瘤微环境中存在的趋化因子——特别是由癌细胞和基质成分产生的趋化因子——对免疫细胞运输的影响，包括其在促进和抑制抗肿瘤反应方面的双重作用。我们进一步探讨了趋化因子对胰腺导管腺癌患者预后的影响及其在免疫治疗中的作用，并综述了针对趋化因子受体及其配体的胰腺导管腺癌治疗临床试验。最后，我们重点讨论了利用趋化因子增强细胞毒性免疫细胞浸润及免疫治疗抗肿瘤效应的潜在策略。
The Role of Chemokines in Orchestrating the Immune Response to Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家