Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, for which finding the optimal therapy remains an ongoing challenge. Drug resistance, toxic side effects, and a lack of specificity pose significant difficulties in traditional cancer treatments, leading to suboptimal clinical outcomes and high mortality rates among cancer patients. The need for alternative therapies is crucial, especially for those resistant to conventional methods like chemotherapy and radiotherapy or for patients where surgery is not possible. Over the past decade, a novel approach known as bacteria-mediated cancer therapy has emerged, offering potential solutions to the limitations of conventional treatments. An increasing number of in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that the subtype of highly virulentPseudomonas aeruginosabacterium calledPseudomonas aeruginosa mannose-sensitive-hemagglutinin(PA-MSHA) can successfully inhibit the progression of various cancer types, such as breast, lung, and bladder cancer, as well as hepatocellular carcinoma. PA-MSHA inhibits the growth and proliferation of tumor cells and induces their apoptosis. Proposed mechanisms of action include cell-cycle arrest and activation of pro-apoptotic pathways regulated by caspase-9 and caspase-3. Moreover, clinical studies have shown that PA-MSHA improved the effectiveness of chemotherapy and promoted the activation of the immune response in cancer patients without causing severe side effects. Reported adverse reactions were fever, skin irritation, and pain, attributed to the overactivation of the immune response. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge obtained from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies available at PubMed, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov regarding the use of PA-MSHA in cancer treatment in order to further elucidate its pharmacological and toxicological properties.
癌症是全球范围内主要的致死原因，寻找最佳治疗方案仍是一项持续挑战。传统癌症治疗中，耐药性、毒副作用及缺乏特异性等问题构成了显著障碍，导致临床疗效不佳且患者死亡率居高不下。发展替代疗法至关重要，尤其对于化疗、放疗等常规方法产生耐药性或无法进行手术的患者。近十年来，一种名为细菌介导癌症治疗的新兴策略应运而生，为传统治疗的局限性提供了潜在解决方案。越来越多的体外与体内研究表明，高毒力铜绿假单胞菌亚型——铜绿假单胞菌甘露糖敏感血凝素（PA-MSHA）能有效抑制多种癌症进展，包括乳腺癌、肺癌、膀胱癌及肝细胞癌等。PA-MSHA通过阻滞肿瘤细胞生长增殖并诱导其凋亡发挥作用，其作用机制可能涉及细胞周期阻滞以及由caspase-9和caspase-3调控的促凋亡通路激活。临床研究进一步证实，PA-MSHA能增强化疗疗效，促进癌症患者免疫应答激活，且未引发严重副作用。已报道的不良反应主要包括发热、皮肤刺激和疼痛，这些反应与免疫应答过度激活有关。本综述旨在系统总结当前通过PubMed、Google Scholar及ClinicalTrials.gov获取的关于PA-MSHA用于癌症治疗的体外、体内及临床研究数据，以进一步阐明其药理学与毒理学特性。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家