Purpose: The aim of the study was twofold: (1) the qualitative adaptation of the 2018 WCRF/AICR (QAd-WCRF/AICR) score, and (2) the assessment of the association between the level of compliance with the WCRF/AICR recommendations and the occurrence of breast cancer in peri- and postmenopausal women. Methods: This case–control study involved 420 women, aged 40–79 years, from northeastern Poland, including 190 newly diagnosed breast cancer cases. Data related to the WCRF/AICR recommendations were collected in face-to-face interviews with 409 women, including 179 women with breast cancer. The frequency of food consumption data were collected using the FFQ-6®and KomPAN®questionnaires. Body weight, height, and waist circumference were measured. The QAd-WCRF/AICR score (range: 0–8 points) was calculated on the basis of eight components, including two components from to the WCRF/AICR recommendations: (1) body mass index (BMI), and (2) waist circumference, with six components expressed qualitatively: (3) overall physical activity, as well as the frequency of the consumption of (4) vegetables/fruits/whole grains/nuts/seeds/legumes, (5) highly processed foods, including fast foods/sweets/instant soups, (6) red/processed meat, (7) sweetened/energy drinks, and (8) alcohol. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the occurrence of breast cancer. Results: The moderate (4–5 points) and maximal (6–8 points) compliance with the qualitative adaptation of the WRCF/AICR recommendations reduced the odds of breast cancer by 54% and 72%, respectively, compared to the results noted for minimal compliance (≤3 points). Lower odds of breast cancer were associated with moderate or high physical activity, consumption of a minimum of four serving per day of vegetables/fruits/whole grains/nuts/seeds/legumes, and limiting the consumption of highly processed food/fast foods and red/processed meat to a maximum of 1–3 times/month. Higher odds of breast cancer were associated with a higher waist circumference and alcohol abstinence. Conclusions: These findings may prove useful in establishing cancer prevention recommendations based on simple suggestions regarding the frequency of food consumption.
目的：本研究目的有二：(1) 对2018年世界癌症研究基金会/美国癌症研究所指南进行定性适应性评分（QAd-WCRF/AICR），(2) 评估围绝经期及绝经后女性对WCRF/AICR指南的依从程度与乳腺癌发病风险之间的关联。方法：本病例对照研究纳入波兰东北部地区420名40-79岁女性，其中包含190例新确诊乳腺癌患者。通过面对面访谈收集409名女性（含179例乳腺癌患者）的WCRF/AICR指南相关数据，采用FFQ-6®与KomPAN®问卷采集食物消费频率数据，并测量体重、身高及腰围。QAd-WCRF/AICR评分（范围：0-8分）基于八个维度计算，其中两个定量维度源自WCRF/AICR指南：(1) 体重指数（BMI），(2) 腰围；六个定性维度包括：(3) 总体体力活动水平，以及(4) 蔬菜/水果/全谷物/坚果/种子/豆类、(5) 高度加工食品（含快餐/甜点/速食汤）、(6) 红肉/加工肉类、(7) 含糖/功能饮料、(8) 酒精的消费频率。采用逻辑回归分析评估乳腺癌发病风险。结果：与最低依从度（≤3分）相比，对WCRF/AICR指南的中度（4-5分）和高度（6-8分）定性依从分别使乳腺癌发病几率降低54%和72%。乳腺癌风险降低与中高强度体力活动、每日至少四份蔬菜/水果/全谷物/坚果/种子/豆类摄入，以及将高度加工食品/快餐和红肉/加工肉类消费控制在每月最多1-3次相关。而腰围增加与戒酒行为则与乳腺癌发病风险升高相关。结论：这些发现可为建立基于食物消费频率简易建议的癌症预防指南提供参考依据。
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