Surgery, anticancer drugs (chemotherapy, hormonal medicines, and targeted treatments), and/or radiation are common treatment strategies for neoplastic diseases. Anticancer drugs eliminate malignant cells through the inhibition of specific pathways that contribute to the formation and development of cancer. Given the ability of such pharmacological medications to combat cancerous cells, their role in the management of neoplastic diseases has become essential. However, these drugs may also lead to undesirable systemic and ocular adverse effects due to cyto/neuro-toxicity and inflammatory reactions. Ocular surface side effects are recognized to significantly impact patient’s quality of life and quality of vision. Blepharoconjunctivitis is known to be a common side effect caused by oxaliplatin, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, and docetaxel, while anastrozole, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil can all determine dry eye disease. However, the potential processes involved in the development of these alterations are yet not fully understood, especially for novel drugs currently available for cancer treatment. This review aims at analyzing the potential ocular surface and adnexal side effects of novel anticancer medications, trying to provide a better understanding of the underlying pharmacological processes and useful insights on the choice of proper management.
手术、抗癌药物（化疗药物、激素类药物及靶向治疗药物）和/或放射治疗是肿瘤疾病的常见治疗策略。抗癌药物通过抑制促进癌症形成与发展的特定通路来清除恶性细胞。鉴于此类药物具有对抗癌细胞的能力，它们在肿瘤疾病治疗中的作用已变得至关重要。然而，由于细胞/神经毒性及炎症反应，这些药物也可能引发不良的全身性和眼部副作用。眼表副作用已被证实会显著影响患者的生活质量和视觉质量。已知奥沙利铂、环磷酰胺、阿糖胞苷和多西他赛常引起睑缘结膜炎，而阿那曲唑、甲氨蝶呤和5-氟尿嘧啶均可导致干眼症。然而，这些病变发展的潜在机制尚未完全阐明，特别是对于当前可用于癌症治疗的新型药物。本综述旨在分析新型抗癌药物可能引起的眼表及附属器副作用，试图深入理解其潜在的药理学机制，并为合理治疗方案的选择提供有价值的见解。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家