Head and neck cancers (HNCs) arise from the mucosal lining of the aerodigestive tract and are often associated with alcohol use, tobacco use, and/or human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Over 600,000 new cases of HNC are diagnosed each year, making it the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Historically, treatments have included surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, and while these treatments are still the backbone of current therapy, several immunotherapies have recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in HNC. The role of the immune system in tumorigenesis and cancer progression has been explored since the early 20th century, eventually coalescing into the current three-phase model of cancer immunoediting. During each of the three phases—elimination, equilibrium, and escape—cancer cells develop and utilize multiple strategies to either reach or remain in the final phase, escape, at which point the tumor is able to grow and metastasize with little to no detrimental interference from the immune system. In this review, we summarize the many strategies used by HNC to escape the immune system, which include ways to evade immune detection, resist immune cell attacks, inhibit immune cell functions, and recruit pro-tumor immune cells.
头颈部癌症（HNCs）起源于上呼吸消化道的黏膜上皮，其发生常与饮酒、吸烟和/或人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染相关。全球每年新增头颈癌病例超过60万例，使其成为世界第六大常见癌症。传统治疗方法包括手术、放疗和化疗，尽管这些仍是当前治疗的核心手段，但近年来已有数种免疫疗法获得美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准用于头颈癌治疗。自20世纪初以来，免疫系统在肿瘤发生和癌症进展中的作用逐渐被揭示，最终形成当前公认的癌症免疫编辑三阶段模型。在清除、平衡和逃逸这三个阶段中，癌细胞通过多种策略发展并最终进入逃逸阶段，此时肿瘤能够在免疫系统几乎不产生有害干扰的情况下生长和转移。本文综述了头颈部癌症逃逸免疫系统的多种策略，包括规避免疫识别、抵抗免疫细胞攻击、抑制免疫细胞功能以及招募促肿瘤免疫细胞等机制。
Immune Escape Strategies in Head and Neck Cancer: Evade, Resist, Inhibit, Recruit
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家