文章：

乳腺癌一级预防的系统性与局部策略

Systemic and Local Strategies for Primary Prevention of Breast Cancer

原文发布日期：5 January 2024

DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020248

类型: Article

开放获取: 是

英文摘要：

One in eight women will develop breast cancer in the US. For women with moderate (15–20%) to average (12.5%) risk of breast cancer, there are few options available for risk reduction. For high-risk (>20%) women, such asBRCAmutation carriers, primary prevention strategies are limited to evidence-based surgical removal of breasts and/or ovaries and anti-estrogen treatment. Despite their effectiveness in risk reduction, not many high-risk individuals opt for surgical or hormonal interventions due to severe side effects and potentially life-changing outcomes as key deterrents. Thus, better communication about the benefits of existing strategies and the development of new strategies with minimal side effects are needed to offer women adequate risk-reducing interventions. We extensively review and discuss innovative investigational strategies for primary prevention. Most of these investigational strategies are at the pre-clinical stage, but some are already being evaluated in clinical trials and others are expected to lead to first-in-human clinical trials within 5 years. Likely, these strategies would be initially tested in high-risk individuals but may be applicable to lower-risk women, if shown to decrease risk at a similar rate to existing strategies, but with minimal side effects.

摘要翻译： 

在美国，每八位女性中就有一位会罹患乳腺癌。对于具有中度（15-20%）至平均（12.5%）乳腺癌风险的女性，目前可用的风险降低方案极为有限。对于高风险（>20%）女性，如BRCA基因突变携带者，一级预防策略仅限于循证医学支持的乳房和/或卵巢切除手术以及抗雌激素治疗。尽管这些方法能有效降低风险，但由于严重的副作用及可能改变生活的后果等关键阻碍因素，许多高风险个体并未选择手术或激素干预。因此，需要更有效地传达现有策略的益处，并开发副作用最小化的新策略，以为女性提供充分的风险降低干预措施。本文系统综述并探讨了创新性的一级预防研究策略。多数研究策略尚处于临床前阶段，但部分已进入临床试验评估，其他策略预计将在五年内启动首次人体临床试验。这些策略很可能首先在高风险人群中测试，若能在副作用最小化的前提下达到与现有策略相当的风险降低效果，未来或可适用于低风险女性群体。

原文链接：

Systemic and Local Strategies for Primary Prevention of Breast Cancer