Sarcomas, uncommon malignancies, stem from mesenchymal tissues, distinct from epithelial tissues, originating in the embryonic mesodermal layer. These sarcomas have been categorized as either bone or soft tissue sarcomas, depending on their originating tissue. The majority of sarcomas occur sporadically with their etiology being unknown, but there are several, well-established genetic predisposition syndromes and some environmental exposures associated with specific sarcomas. Recently, many studies have shown that sarcomas, in analogy with colorectal, skin, head and neck, esophageal, lung, and liver carcinomas, also have a male sex predilection. Significant gender differences have already been observed in childhood sarcomas. Among the tumors strongly associated with the male sex, childhood sarcomas have been identified as being particularly sensitive to the biological differences between the sexes, with special regard to soft tissue sarcomas. As the biological mechanisms underlying the sex differences in the incidence of soft tissue sarcomas remain largely unexplored, this review aims to highlight the factors underlying these differences to inform prevention and treatment.
肉瘤是一种源于间叶组织的罕见恶性肿瘤，与起源于胚胎中胚层的上皮组织来源肿瘤不同。根据起源组织的不同，肉瘤可分为骨肉瘤和软组织肉瘤两大类。大多数肉瘤为散发性病例，其病因尚不明确，但已发现多种明确的遗传易感综合征及特定环境暴露与某些肉瘤类型相关。近期多项研究表明，与结直肠癌、皮肤癌、头颈癌、食管癌、肺癌及肝癌相似，肉瘤同样存在男性发病倾向。在儿童肉瘤中已观察到显著的性别差异，其中尤以软组织肉瘤对两性生物学差异最为敏感。鉴于软组织肉瘤发病率性别差异的生物学机制尚未得到充分探索，本综述旨在系统阐述导致这些差异的内在因素，为疾病预防和治疗提供理论依据。
Gender Differences in Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma: A Narrative Review
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家