The presence of metastatic endometrial cancer (EC) is a key problem in treatment failure associated with reduced overall survival rates. The most common metastatic location is the pelvic lymph nodes, and the least common is the brain. The presence of metastasis depends on many factors, including the molecular profile of cancer (according to the TCGA—Genome Atlas), the activity of certain hormones (estrogen, prolactin), and pro-inflammatory adipocytokines. Additionally, an altered expression of microRNAs affecting the regulation of numerous genes is also related to the spread of cancer. This paper also discusses the value of imaging methods in detecting metastases; the primary role is attributed to the standard transvaginal USG with the tumor-free distance (uTFD) option. The influence of diagnostic and therapeutic methods on EC spread is also described. Hysteroscopy, according to the analysis discussed above, may increase the risk of metastases through a fluid medium, mainly performed in advanced stages of EC. According to another analysis, laparoscopic hysterectomy performed with particular attention to avoiding risky procedures (trocar flushing, tissue traumatization, preserving a margin of normal tissue) was not found to increase the risk of EC dissemination.
子宫内膜癌（EC）转移的存在是导致治疗失败、降低总体生存率的关键问题。最常见的转移部位是盆腔淋巴结，而脑部转移最为罕见。转移的发生取决于多种因素，包括癌症的分子特征（依据TCGA基因组图谱）、特定激素（雌激素、催乳素）的活性以及促炎性脂肪细胞因子。此外，影响众多基因调控的microRNAs表达改变也与癌症扩散相关。本文还探讨了影像学方法在检测转移中的价值，其中标准经阴道超声检查结合无瘤距离（uTFD）选项被赋予主要作用。同时阐述了诊断与治疗方法对EC扩散的影响：根据前述分析，宫腔镜检查可能通过液体介质增加转移风险，该操作主要在EC晚期阶段进行；而另一项分析表明，腹腔镜子宫切除术若特别注意避免高风险操作（套管冲洗、组织创伤、保留正常组织边缘），则未发现会增加EC扩散风险。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家