Background: Constipation is a common symptom in patients receiving antitumoral treatment. The mechanisms underlying antitumoral agent-induced constipation (ATAIC) are poorly defined. This systematic review aimed to analyze and synthesize the available information related to the prevalence, etiology, and treatment of ATAIC. Methods: A systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted. The review included human studies written in English, French, or Spanish involving patients with cancer and containing information about the prevalence, etiology, and treatment of ATAIC. Results: A total of 73 articles were included. The reported prevalence ranged from 0.8% to 86.6%. Six studies reported an ATAIC prevalence of over 50%. The prevalence rates of constipation of grades 3 and 4 ranged between 0 and 11%. The importance of enteric neuronal integrity in gastrointestinal function was reported. The articles with the highest levels of evidence in relation to ATAIC treatment obtained in this systematic review studied treatments with acupuncture, sweet potato, osteopath, probiotics, and moxibustion. Conclusions: The prevalence of constipation in patients undergoing antitumoral treatment is very diverse. Studies specifically designed to report the prevalence of antineoplastic treatment-induced constipation are needed. The importance of enteric neuronal integrity in gastrointestinal function was described. Thus, neuroprotection could be an area of research for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal disorders.
背景：在接受抗肿瘤治疗的患者中，便秘是一种常见症状。抗肿瘤药物所致便秘（ATAIC）的机制尚不明确。本系统综述旨在分析与整合有关ATAIC患病率、病因及治疗的现有信息。 方法：本研究遵循系统综述和荟萃分析优先报告条目（PRISMA）指南进行系统综述。纳入标准为以英语、法语或西班牙语撰写，涉及癌症患者，并包含ATAIC患病率、病因及治疗信息的人体研究。 结果：共纳入73篇文献。报告的患病率范围为0.8%至86.6%。其中六项研究报告ATAIC患病率超过50%。3级和4级便秘的患病率在0%至11%之间。文献报道了肠道神经元完整性在胃肠道功能中的重要性。本系统综述中获得的关于ATAIC治疗证据级别最高的文献研究了针灸、甘薯、整骨疗法、益生菌和艾灸等治疗方法。 结论：接受抗肿瘤治疗患者的便秘患病率差异很大。需要专门设计的研究来报告抗肿瘤治疗所致便秘的患病率。研究强调了肠道神经元完整性对胃肠道功能的重要性。因此，神经保护可能成为治疗化疗所致胃肠道功能障碍的一个研究方向。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家