Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While numerous factors have been identified as contributing to the development of malignancy, our understanding of the mechanisms involved remains limited. Early cancer detection and the development of effective treatments are therefore critical areas of research. One class of molecules that play a crucial role in the transmission of genetic information are transfer RNAs (tRNAs), which are the most abundant RNA molecules in the human transcriptome. Dysregulated synthesis of tRNAs directly results in translation disorders and diseases, including cancer. Moreover, various types of tRNA modifications and the enzymes responsible for these modifications have been implicated in tumor biology. Furthermore, alterations in tRNA modification can impact tRNA stability, and impaired stability can prompt the cleavage of tRNAs into smaller fragments known as tRNA fragments (tRFs). Initially believed to be random byproducts lacking any physiological function, tRFs have now been redefined as non-coding RNA molecules with distinct roles in regulating RNA stability, translation, target gene expression, and other biological processes. In this review, we present recent findings on translational regulatory models centered around tRNAs in tumors, providing a deeper understanding of tumorigenesis and suggesting new directions for cancer treatment.
癌症是全球范围内发病和死亡的主要原因。尽管已发现多种因素参与恶性肿瘤的发生发展，但我们对其中涉及的机制理解仍有限。因此，早期癌症检测和有效治疗方法的开发成为关键研究领域。转运RNA（tRNA）作为遗传信息传递过程中的关键分子类别，是人类转录组中最丰富的RNA分子。tRNA合成失调会直接导致翻译紊乱及相关疾病，包括癌症。此外，多种类型的tRNA修饰及其相关修饰酶已被证实与肿瘤生物学特性密切相关。值得注意的是，tRNA修饰的改变会影响其稳定性，而稳定性受损会促使tRNA裂解成更小的片段，即tRNA片段（tRF）。tRF最初被认为是缺乏生理功能的随机副产物，现已被重新定义为具有特定功能的非编码RNA分子，在调控RNA稳定性、翻译过程、靶基因表达及其他生物过程中发挥重要作用。本综述系统阐述了以tRNA为核心的肿瘤翻译调控模式的最新研究进展，为深入理解肿瘤发生机制及探索癌症治疗新方向提供理论依据。
The Role of tRNA-Centered Translational Regulatory Mechanisms in Cancer
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家