One of the most common adverse effects of cancer and its therapeutic strategies is sarcopenia, a condition which is characterised by excess muscle wasting and muscle strength loss due to the disrupted muscle homeostasis. Moreover, cancer-related sarcopenia may be combined with the increased deposition of fat mass, a syndrome called cancer-associated sarcopenic obesity. Both clinical conditions have significant clinical importance and can predict disease progression and survival. A growing body of evidence supports the claim that physical exercise is a safe and effective complementary therapy for oncology patients which can limit the cancer- and its treatment-related muscle catabolism and promote the maintenance of muscle mass. Moreover, even after the onset of sarcopenia, exercise interventions can counterbalance the muscle mass loss and improve the clinical appearance and quality of life of cancer patients. The aim of this narrative review was to describe the various pathophysiological mechanisms, such as protein synthesis, mitochondrial function, inflammatory response, and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, which are regulated by exercise and contribute to the management of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity. Moreover, myokines, factors produced by and released from exercising muscles, are being discussed as they appear to play an important role in mediating the beneficial effects of exercise against sarcopenia.
癌症及其治疗策略最常见的不良反应之一是肌肉减少症，其特征是由于肌肉稳态失衡导致肌肉过度消耗和肌力下降。此外，癌症相关肌肉减少症常伴随脂肪质量增加，这一综合征被称为癌症相关性肌肉减少性肥胖。这两种临床状况均具有重要的临床意义，可预测疾病进展和生存率。越来越多的证据表明，体育锻炼对肿瘤患者是一种安全有效的辅助疗法，能够限制癌症及其治疗相关的肌肉分解代谢，促进肌肉质量的维持。更重要的是，即使在肌肉减少症发生后，运动干预仍能抵消肌肉质量流失，改善癌症患者的临床表现和生活质量。本文旨在通过叙述性综述，阐述运动调节的多种病理生理机制——包括蛋白质合成、线粒体功能、炎症反应及下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴——这些机制对管理肌肉减少症及肌肉减少性肥胖具有重要作用。此外，本文还探讨了运动肌产生并释放的肌因子，其在介导运动对抗肌肉减少症的有益效应中发挥着关键作用。
The Role of Exercise in Cancer-Related Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家