文章：

自然杀伤T细胞多样性及其免疫疗法

Natural Killer T Cell Diversity and Immunotherapy

原文发布日期：7 December 2023

DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245737

类型: Article

开放获取: 是

英文摘要：

Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKTs), a type of unconventional T cells, share features with NK cells and have an invariant T cell receptor (TCR), which recognizes lipid antigens loaded on CD1d molecules, a major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I)-like protein. This interaction produces the secretion of a wide array of cytokines by these cells, including interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin 4 (IL-4), allowing iNKTs to link innate with adaptive responses. Interestingly, molecules that bind CD1d have been identified that enable the modulation of these cells, highlighting their potential pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive capacities, as required in different clinical settings. In this review, we summarize key features of iNKTs and current understandings of modulatory α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) variants, a model iNKT cell activator that can shift the outcome of adaptive immune responses. Furthermore, we discuss advances in the development of strategies that modulate these cells to target pathologies that are considerable healthcare burdens. Finally, we recapitulate findings supporting a role for iNKTs in infectious diseases and tumor immunotherapy.

摘要翻译： 

恒定自然杀伤T细胞（iNKTs）是一类非常规T细胞，兼具自然杀伤细胞特征，其恒定T细胞受体（TCR）能够识别由主要组织相容性复合物I类样蛋白CD1d分子呈递的脂质抗原。这种相互作用促使iNKTs分泌多种细胞因子，包括γ干扰素（IFN-γ）和白介素4（IL-4），从而使其成为连接先天性与适应性免疫应答的桥梁。值得注意的是，目前已发现能够与CD1d结合的分子可调控iNKTs功能，凸显出这类细胞在不同临床场景中兼具促炎与免疫抑制的双重潜力。本文综述了iNKTs的关键特征，以及当前对调节性α-半乳糖神经酰胺（α-GalCer）变体的认识——该物质作为iNKT细胞活化模型，能够改变适应性免疫应答的结果。此外，我们探讨了调控iNKTs靶向重大疾病负担病理机制的策略研究进展，最后总结了支持iNKTs在感染性疾病及肿瘤免疫治疗中作用的相关发现。

原文链接：

Natural Killer T Cell Diversity and Immunotherapy